{"id":15675,"date":"2025-12-10T13:24:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T12:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/?p=15675"},"modified":"2026-01-18T14:50:02","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T13:50:02","slug":"descobrim-lestructura-del-sistema-educatiu-alemany-i-lescola-inclusiva-mobilitat-a-la-gesamtschule-uckendorf-de-gelsenkirchen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/general\/descobrim-lestructura-del-sistema-educatiu-alemany-i-lescola-inclusiva-mobilitat-a-la-gesamtschule-uckendorf-de-gelsenkirchen\/","title":{"rendered":"Descobrim l\u2019estructura del sistema educatiu alemany i l\u2019escola inclusiva (mobilitat a la Gesamtschule \u00dcckendorf de GELSENKIRCHEN)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/Cofinanciado-8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"505\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/Cofinanciado-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/Cofinanciado-8.png 505w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/Cofinanciado-8-296x300.png 296w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/Erasmus-10.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/Erasmus-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/Erasmus-10.png 512w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/Erasmus-10-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Durant l\u2019estada Erasmus+ a Alemanya que estan tenint els tres mestres, han descobert diverses difer\u00e8ncies entre el sistema educatiu alemany i el nostre. I ens expliquen el seg\u00fcent: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un dels elements que m\u00e9s ens ha cridat l\u2019atenci\u00f3 \u00e9s la manera com s\u2019organitzen els itineraris de secund\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Com s\u2019organitza l\u2019educaci\u00f3 secund\u00e0ria a Alemanya?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despr\u00e9s de la&nbsp;<strong>Grundschule<\/strong>&nbsp;(educaci\u00f3 prim\u00e0ria), l\u2019alumnat sol dirigir-se a un d\u2019aquests tres tipus d\u2019escola, segons els seus ritmes d\u2019aprenentatge i recomanacions del professorat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e038fdd40a46bc3cf90822cd23a36ef0\" id=\"h.5hg8sig3ccwf_l\">1.&nbsp;<em>Hauptschule<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Un itinerari orientat a l\u2019\u00e0mbit pr\u00e0ctic i al futur laboral. Molts alumnes continuen cap al model de Formaci\u00f3 Professional dual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9acbc2d2a42e9cb0d6a758b5af392f1d\" id=\"h.crp4pd45007r_l\">2.&nbsp;<em>Realschule<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ofereix una formaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s acad\u00e8mica, amb opcions d\u2019accedir a FP de nivell mitj\u00e0 o ampliar estudis m\u00e9s endavant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cacb77b1007662bbe134b4ea8907e633\" id=\"h.v0v9frdwvq0z_l\">3.&nbsp;<em>Gymnasium<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9s la via acad\u00e8mica m\u00e9s exigent, que finalitza amb l\u2019<em>Abitur<\/em>&nbsp;(prova d\u2019acc\u00e9s a la universitat).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/sitesv\/AAzXCkeHy7mD-alicELV70dBpfGtFcm2texmR2HL2eRv_STE4USfiFSt5U4IE_f40gqrb5j4rKSSvaS9DZ9bfn3dY6s_irAWA7HqCzvcx7_3mwUeu6KZCCXf9m2kHpcZkjPvCLaGlK-erDMEA0oFer4MgXkeW2M3MY_AhM1UW9wdrSvDzF5urlzfhynH8qQkqCnA90VYhXs1dNlHAKDx2BI4rbUw4WNdiHJd9URSNVY=w1280\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.8lvymmgpw8sn_l\">Les escoles inclusives: el model on estem fent l\u2019estada<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tot i que el sistema alemany tradicionalment deriva l\u2019alumnat cap a diferents itineraris, en els darrers anys ha crescut molt el nombre d\u2019escoles inclusives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aquestes escoles s\u2019anomenen habitualment&nbsp;<strong>\u201cGesamtschule\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;i tenen algunes caracter\u00edstiques molt destacables:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reuneixen en un mateix centre alumnes de diferents nivells i necessitats educatives evitant la separaci\u00f3 tan primerenca t\u00edpica del sistema alemany.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Combinen els tres itineraris cl\u00e0ssics (Hauptschule, Realschule i Gymnasium) dins d\u2019un mateix centre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permeten que l\u2019alumnat canvi\u00ef d\u2019itinerari segons evoluciona, fent el sistema m\u00e9s flexible i menys determinista.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hi ha suport individualitzat, pres\u00e8ncia de professionals especialitzats i materials adaptats.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00f3n espais que fomenten la conviv\u00e8ncia, la cooperaci\u00f3 i la diversitat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/sitesv\/AAzXCkf3dzX59rGk4sC-RLjpEgL-yApBl-ottX89ZBgH3tDlNBhFujgWqKZw1xxqWXKYUfkfBLyZbb5XbmcaFnrZN71-d-3vQuiQRU9Qp361Pq-ze8BNA31K0XtUMzD_4qD68-pGoo4sYlGj71rvRptThghP1TwU6rOxV6_onCbH-EvWbkn50GdIKEzoky0H-sRJF4wMiTIYwB8Ms8SdCCLbTfQKVdAuExFIw9JA=w1280\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Un altre aspecte destacable \u00e9s l\u2019elevada pres\u00e8ncia de mestres d\u2019or\u00edgens diversos. Hem coincidit amb docents del Marroc, Salamanca, Xile, Ge\u00f2rgia, Ucra\u00efna i amb molts professionals alemanys d\u2019ascend\u00e8ncia turca. A m\u00e9s, en moltes aules hi ha cartells amb continguts b\u00e0sics de llengua o de matem\u00e0tiques tradu\u00efts a les diferents lleng\u00fces presents al centre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La Gesamtschule \u00e9s una escola UNESCO, fet que els permet desenvolupar projectes vinculats als Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible, especialment aquells relacionats amb la reducci\u00f3 de les desigualtats (ODS 10) i amb la garantia d\u2019una educaci\u00f3 de qualitat per als col\u00b7lectius m\u00e9s vulnerables (ODS 4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hem de tenir en compte que Gelsenkirchen \u00e9s la ciutat m\u00e9s pobra d\u2019Alemanya i el barri on s\u2019ubica l\u2019escola, el que t\u00e9 un nivell socioecon\u00f2mic m\u00e9s baix de la ciutat. Aix\u00f2 es reflecteix en un alumnat format en un 99% per fam\u00edlies procedents d\u2019altres pa\u00efsos, per a les quals l\u2019alemany \u00e9s la segona llengua.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Estar en una escola inclusiva ens ha perm\u00e8s veure com el professorat treballa de manera coordinada i com l\u2019alumnat es beneficia d\u2019un entorn que respecta i potencia les difer\u00e8ncies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/sitesv\/AAzXCkfrX4OimrfavxmATGdH-6GeL0rVaOdjxa-VnG2mMgwhwdJMzek0dIJz5KWwtjf0Eck8udhVPS9StZbhGhvhB85WSR4oYFgvAWzLs9PDg79vqhDkNPYagiVdQZYmaaor7feoXv7NfhvChIeq5NSv0B5LgH4XMPRYJSWTeimUEjNNRk5kpHrRF4lfezwBkZUxZmztp8wwFGc6TrJnA_eoPXtR0HdHJQ6u80FDe5A=w1280\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/sitesv\/AAzXCkclZqazGvBHh6Fs-Un8snGEvDOfZ8_n71jebN2vUyVuIBU9LIzgSuureu5LAfTB1c9nBwaA9xK5jcA-vFVSBbfaOZT2w9C5H6FJ0CnmeZblnDKHiB8fvNczNxOATtPbj5jpDLtw9SOb9DziNQjGLidRCHrE4oln3Oj1-bdtJAiJnrafibd9eFpCbOsy1eoIly-yIDhsBqo3XVzXUKwpfVBBQYGT-aeG_hRAPfU=w1280\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/unnamed.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"269\" height=\"644\" src=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/unnamed.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/unnamed.png 269w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/vallesoriental1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1135\/2025\/12\/unnamed-125x300.png 125w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Durant l\u2019estada Erasmus+ a Alemanya que estan tenint els tres mestres, han descobert diverses difer\u00e8ncies entre el sistema educatiu alemany [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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