{"id":5283,"date":"2017-03-05T22:44:28","date_gmt":"2017-03-05T21:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/?p=5283"},"modified":"2019-04-29T11:18:06","modified_gmt":"2019-04-29T09:18:06","slug":"lhriscu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/dinamitzacio\/trics\/lhriscu\/","title":{"rendered":"Superconductivitat: disseny d&#8217;un tobogan superconductor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-6270\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/Ins-Mart\u00ed-lHum\u00e0-Lavinia-Hriscu.jpg\" alt=\"Ins Mart\u00ed l'Hum\u00e0 - Lavinia Hriscu\" width=\"177\" height=\"236\" \/>T\u00edtol:<\/em><\/span> Superconductivitat: disseny d\u2019un tobogan superconductor<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>Autora:<\/em><\/span> Lav\u00ednia Hriscu<\/strong><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong>Tutor:<\/strong> <\/span><\/em>Josefina Guasch Francesch<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong><em>Modalitat:<\/em><\/strong><\/span> Ci\u00e8ncies i tecnologia: Cientificot\u00e8cnic<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u00c0rea curricular:<\/strong><\/em><\/span> F\u00edsica<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong><em>Centre:<\/em><\/strong><\/span> Institut Mart\u00ed l\u2019Hum\u00e0<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong><em>Localitat:<\/em><\/strong><\/span> Montblanc<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La superconductivitat \u00e9s un fenomen f\u00edsic que presenta un inter\u00e8s cient\u00edfic, principalment centrat en la vessant f\u00edsica-tecnol\u00f2gica. Actualment, \u00e9s un tema del qual se\u2019n desconeixen moltes coses, i per tant, un dels principals enigmes per als cient\u00edfics del segle XXI.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Objectius<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Ampliar els coneixements te\u00f2rics sobre la superconductivitat i el magnetisme.<\/li>\n<li>Entendre com funciona i per qu\u00e8 succeeix aquest fenomen f\u00edsic.<\/li>\n<li>Idear una aplicaci\u00f3 nova de la superconductivitat, mitjan\u00e7ant la maqueta d\u2019un tobogan superconductor, i alhora posar-me a prova i veure si m\u2019agrada el camp de la recerca i la invenci\u00f3 en la f\u00edsica i la tecnologia.<\/li>\n<li>Observar el balan\u00e7 d\u2019energia perduda per fricci\u00f3 amb l\u2019aire segons la forma de la vagoneta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6><strong>Hip\u00f2tesi<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La hip\u00f2tesi del treball \u00e9s verificar si funciona un possible disseny fet per mi de l\u2019estructura d\u2019un tobogan superconductor.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>El proc\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Per aconseguir tota la informaci\u00f3, s\u2019han analitzat tant fonts bibliogr\u00e0fiques com fonts de la xarxa d\u2019internet, d\u2019on m\u2019he documentat sobre la superconductivitat.<br \/>\nPer a la construcci\u00f3 de la maqueta s\u2019ha utilitzat: l\u00e0mina de ferro 95,5x5cm, base de fusta,tubs circulars de ferro (secci\u00f3 8mm), imants de neodimi 12x8x2 mm, nitrogen l\u00edquid, poliestir\u00e8 expandit, superconductor d\u2019alta temperatura (YBCO), cartolina, esprai, adhesiu resistent a 77K i adhesiu instantani.<br \/>\nLa via d\u2019imants ha estat realitzada orientant curosament els pols magn\u00e8tics per tal que les l\u00ednies de camp fossin iguals en cada punt i aix\u00ed fer que la via fos com un gran imant.<br \/>\nLa vagoneta t\u00e9 unes dimensions de 5,5&#215;2,8&#215;3,2 cm i un volum interior de 13,5. Amb una tapa feta a mida es tapava la capsa per crear una atmosfera interior i evitar que el superconductor s\u2019escalf\u00e9s r\u00e0pidament. A l\u2019interior de la vagoneta hi havia adherit el superconductor amb l\u2019adhesiu especial.<br \/>\nPer analitzar el fregament amb l\u2019aire s\u2019han realitzat dos para-xocs amb cartolina.<a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/IMG_0719-e1488749934667.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5284 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/IMG_0719-e1488749934667-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"img_0719\" width=\"283\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/IMG_0719-e1488749934667-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/IMG_0719-e1488749934667-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/collage.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5286 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/collage.png\" alt=\"collage\" width=\"311\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/collage.png 800w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/collage-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/collage-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/collage-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 311px) 100vw, 311px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/AI.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5287 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/AI.png\" alt=\"ai\" width=\"484\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/AI.png 869w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/AI-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/AI-768x567.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 484px) 100vw, 484px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h6><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">La superconductivitat \u00e9s un fenomen que encara s\u2019ha d\u2019investigar molt per tal d\u2019aconseguir una explotaci\u00f3 completa de les seves possibles aplicacions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">He pogut aprendre a gran escala com funcionen el magnetisme i la superconductivitat. Per assolir l\u2019estat superconductor calen una temperatura, un camp magn\u00e8tic uniforme i una intensitat de corrent adequats.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un superconductor \u00e9s un material que en les condicions adequades (intr\u00ednseques), \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de conduir el corrent sense generar p\u00e8rdues d\u2019energia; en pres\u00e8ncia d\u2019un camp magn\u00e8tic es comporta com un perfecte diamagnet o almenys ho fa parcialment (superconductor de tipus II) i per l\u2019efecte Meissner presenta una representaci\u00f3 visual molt clara, la levitaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Els superconductors d\u2019alta temperatura presenten una estructura molt m\u00e9s complexa que els superconductors de baixa temperatura. Amb la recerca s\u2019espera aconseguir fabricar el superconductor ideal, el que presenti les condicions m\u00e9s assequibles.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Despr\u00e9s de realitzar l\u2019experiment, he pogut veure que variar la forma de la vagoneta ajuda que sigui molt m\u00e9s aerodin\u00e0mica, ja que la superf\u00edcie de contacte amb l\u2019aire es redueix notablement. La vagoneta amb para-xocs \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de rec\u00f3rrer m\u00e9s tram despr\u00e9s xocar i per tant perd menys energia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"iframe_container\" src=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/embed\/auv57ijowddc\/?bgcolor=ffffff&amp;lock_to_path=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;autohide_ctrls=0&amp;landing_data=bHVZZmNaNDBIWnNjdEVENDRhZDFNZGNIUE1IWFcwckVwMGpLRzJjTzRxaDhkcDQySGFpR2Jod1dlVGVJTHBOdnA0bz0&amp;landing_sign=9NMLo0k98XqGLAz1MOjxaUA6cIT6i2bkyhlLJiUNfMo\" width=\"550\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h6><strong>Bibliografia<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>ANTONIO BIANCONI I THOMAS JARLBORG. Superconductivity above the lowest Earth temperature in pressurized sulfur hydride [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1510.05264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1510.05264<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>ANUARIS.CAT. Superconductivitat i superflu\u00efdesa [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.anuaris.cat\/continguts\/general\/article_imprimir.php?id=2199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.anuaris.cat\/continguts\/general\/article_imprimir.php?id=2199<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>BAKER, Joanne: 50 quantum physics ideas you really need to know. Editorial Planeta S.A.. 2013. Barcelona.<\/li>\n<li>BRENT A. HOWE. Crystal Structure and Superconductivity of YBa2Cu3O7\u2212x [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1345&amp;context=etds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1345&amp;context=etds<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>CARLOS BALSEIRO I FRANCISCO DE LA CRUZ. Superconductividad [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cienciahoy.org.ar\/ch\/hoy01\/superconductividad.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cienciahoy.org.ar\/ch\/hoy01\/superconductividad.htm<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>CMM-CSIC. Superconductividad (ICMM-CSIC) [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.icmm.csic.es\/superconductividad\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www3.icmm.csic.es\/superconductividad\/<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>EROSKI CONSUMER. Infograf\u00eda: Trenes Maglev. [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.consumer.es\/web\/es\/viajes\/ideas_y_consejos\/2008\/01\/27\/174066.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.consumer.es\/web\/es\/viajes\/ideas_y_consejos\/2008\/01\/27\/174066.php<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>FERRAN VALL\u00c8S. La superconductivitat i les seves aplicacions [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/superconductivitat.blogspot.com.es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/superconductivitat.blogspot.com.es<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>FJGONZ\u00c1LEZR. Superconductividad [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/perso.wanadoo.es\/fjgonzalezr\/josephson\/ESQUEMA.HTML\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/perso.wanadoo.es\/fjgonzalezr\/josephson\/ESQUEMA.HTML<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>FRANCISCO ENRIQUE S\u00c1NCHEZ-LAFUENTE P\u00c9REZ. Los superconductores [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.coitt.es\/res\/revistas\/04c%20Superconductores.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.coitt.es\/res\/revistas\/04c%20Superconductores.pdf<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>JES\u00daS RUIZ FELIPE. Teor\u00eda y pr\u00e1ctica de la superconductividad. [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sociedadelainformacion.com\/diciembre2006\/teoriasuperconductividad.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.sociedadelainformacion.com\/diciembre2006\/teoriasuperconductividad.pdf<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>LUCIO ISOLA I ALEJANDRO MEZIO. Monografia: Superconductividad [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fceia.unr.edu.ar\/~fisica3\/supercond.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.fceia.unr.edu.ar\/~fisica3\/supercond.pdf<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>LUIS FERNANDO MAGA\u00d1A SOL\u00cdS. La ciencia para todos [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/bibliotecadigital.ilce.edu.mx\/sites\/ciencia\/volumen2\/ciencia3\/064\/htm\/sec_8.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/bibliotecadigital.ilce.edu.mx\/sites\/ciencia\/volumen2\/ciencia3\/064\/htm\/sec_8.htm<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>M OLMO R NAVE. Electricidad y magnetismo. [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu\/hbasees\/emcon.html#emcon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu\/hbasees\/emcon.html#emcon<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>M OLMO R NAVE. Materia Condensada. [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu\/hbasees\/solcon.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu\/hbasees\/solcon.html<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>SERWAY, Reymond A.: F\u00edsica, Tomo II Cuarta Edici\u00f3n. Mc Graw Hill. 1996. M\u00e8xic. TERESA MART\u00cdN BLAS Y ANA SERRANO FERN\u00c1NDEZ. Magnetismo. [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/acer.forestales.upm.es\/basicas\/udfisica\/asignaturas\/fisica\/magnet\/intro_magnet.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/acer.forestales.upm.es\/basicas\/udfisica\/asignaturas\/fisica\/magnet\/intro_magnet.html<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>TIPER, Paul A.: F\u00edsica para la ciencia y la tecnolog\u00eda II. Editorial Revert\u00e9 S.A. Barcelona. USUARI UBA. 1.Superconductividad [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"http:\/\/users.df.uba.ar\/giribet\/f4\/Supercv2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/users.df.uba.ar\/giribet\/f4\/Supercv2.pdf<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>WIKIPEDIA. Maglev [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maglev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maglev<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>WIKIPEDIA. Magnetism [en l\u00ednia <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnetism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnetism<\/a>]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ins Mart\u00ed l\u2019Hum\u00e0 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