{"id":4753,"date":"2017-03-04T18:31:55","date_gmt":"2017-03-04T17:31:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/?p=4753"},"modified":"2019-04-29T11:47:11","modified_gmt":"2019-04-29T09:47:11","slug":"draya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/dinamitzacio\/trics\/draya\/","title":{"rendered":"La biomassa vegetal: un nou enfocament"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-6365\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/Ins-Joan-Guinjoan-i-Gispert-David-Raya-Rodr\u00edguez.jpg\" alt=\"Ins Joan Guinjoan i Gispert - David Raya Rodr\u00edguez\" width=\"177\" height=\"236\" \/>T\u00edtol:<\/strong><\/em><\/span> <strong>La biomassa vegetal: un nou enfocament<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>Autor:<\/strong><\/em> <\/span><strong>David Raya Rodr\u00edguez<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>Tutora:<\/strong> <\/em><\/span>Merc\u00e8 de la Muela Vendrell<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>Modalitat:<\/strong> <\/em><\/span>Ci\u00e8ncies i tecnologia: Cientificot\u00e8cnic<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u00c0rea curricular:<\/strong><\/em> <\/span>Bioqu\u00edmica<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>Centre: <\/strong><\/em><\/span>Ins Joan Guinjoan<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>Localitat:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><\/span>Riudoms<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Objectius:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;objectiu del treball \u00e9s donar a con\u00e8ixer l&#8217;aprofitament de la biomassa vegetal per a la fabricaci\u00f3 de components \u00fatils en la ind\u00fastria o en el nostre dia a dia. Amb la part pr\u00e0ctica intento comprovar l\u2019efic\u00e0cia de diversos m\u00e8todes per separar els components de la biomassa, per tal de saber quina proporci\u00f3 de cada fracci\u00f3 biomassa hi ha en una subst\u00e0ncia determinada per a poder ser aprofitada a la ind\u00fastria.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Hip\u00f2tesi:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">La biomassa vegetal no \u00e9s nom\u00e9s utilitzada com a font d\u2019energia, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 t\u00e9 altres aplicacions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hi ha un m\u00e8tode efica\u00e7 de determinar la proporci\u00f3 de cada fracci\u00f3 de la biomassa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6><strong>El proc\u00e9s:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La biomassa vegetal est\u00e0 formada per quatre components: la cel\u00b7lulosa, la hemicel\u00b7lulosa, la lignina i els extractius. Despr\u00e9s de descriure aquests components i les seves propietats, es mostren algunes de les diverses aplicacions industrials.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Per facilitar el proc\u00e9s a la ind\u00fastria, cal saber quina proporci\u00f3 de cada fracci\u00f3 de la biomassa hi ha en una mostra qualsevol. Per aix\u00f2 vaig comprovar l\u2019efic\u00e0cia de dos m\u00e8todes basats en el mateix principi. Aquest principi consistia en anar dissolent cada fracci\u00f3 de biomassa i analitzar posteriorment la mostra resultant.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Conclusions:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En el treball he aconseguit assolir tots els objectius que m\u2019havia proposat:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gr\u00e0cies a aquest treball he pogut saber quins eren els principals components de la biomassa i que aquesta \u00e9s un recurs utilitzat m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del camp de l\u2019obtenci\u00f3 d\u2019energia, ja que es poden utilitzar els seus components per obtenir materials \u00fatils per a la ind\u00fastria.He trobat una manera fiable de determinar les diverses fraccions de la biomassa vegetal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">He pogut establir quin \u00e9s el millor m\u00e8tode per separar les seves parts per tal de saber quina quantitat podem aprofitar d\u2019hemicel\u00b7lulosa, cel\u00b7lulosa o lignina a la ind\u00fastria.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ha estat una experi\u00e8ncia molt positiva, ja que he descobert que el m\u00f3n de la qu\u00edmica \u00e9s el que m\u2019agrada. He apr\u00e8s moltes coses sobre la biomassa i per mi ha estat una experi\u00e8ncia molt enriquidora veure com funciona i poder treballar en un laboratori.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Bibliografia<\/strong>:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Biologia 1<\/em>. Grup Promotor Santillana. ISBN 978-84-9130-2735<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Qu\u00edmica 1<\/em>. Grup Promotor Santillana. ISBN 978-84-9130-282-7<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">CAMPS MICHELENA,MANUEL; MARCOS MART\u00cdN, FRANCISCO. Los biocombustibles. Madrid: Mundi-Prensa, 2002. <em>Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3n energ\u00edas renovables<\/em>. ISBN: 84-8476-017-0<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">JIM\u00c9NEZ G\u00d3MEZ. <em>Los residuos de origen vital<\/em>. Madrid: Real Academia de Farmacia, 1991.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">D.L\u00d3PEZ-GONZ\u00c1LEZ, M.FERNANDEZ-LOPEZ, J.L.VALVERDE, L.SANCHEZ-SILVA \u201c<em>Thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric analysis on combustion of lignocellulosic biomass<\/em>\u201d. Bioresource Technology [Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain] (22 juny de 2013), n\u00fam. 143, p.563<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Wikip\u00e8dia<\/em> [En l\u00ednia] <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org<\/a> [Consulta: 26 setembre 2016]<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>University of Washington Departments Web Server<\/em> [En l\u00ednia] <a href=\"http:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pse406\/Notes%20pdf\/406-6%20Cellulose%20II.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pse406\/Notes%20pdf\/406-6%20Cellulose%20II.pdf<\/a> [Consulta: 19 juliol 2016]<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Carbolea<\/em> [En l\u00ednia ] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.carbolea.ul.ie\/composition.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.carbolea.ul.ie\/composition.php<\/a>\u00a0 [Consulta: 2 juliol 2016]<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales<\/em> [En l\u00ednia] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eii.uva.es\/organica\/qoi\/tema-03.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.eii.uva.es\/organica\/qoi\/tema-03.php <\/a>[Consulta: 24 juliol 2016]<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Google<\/em> [En l\u00ednia] <a href=\"https:\/\/images.google.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/images.google.com\/<\/a> [Consulta: 2 desembre 2016]<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">ANA MAR\u00cdA M\u00c9NDEZ. <em>Bioconversi\u00f3n de hemicelulosa<\/em>. Slideshare [En l\u00ednia]<a href=\"http:\/\/es.slideshare.net\/anymarim\/bioconversin-de-hemicelulosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http:\/\/es.slideshare.net\/anymarim\/bioconversin-de-hemicelulosa<\/a> [Consulta: 28 juliol 2016]<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">LUDOVIC MONTASTRUC*, OLUMOYE AJAO, MARIYA MARINOVA, CATARINA BARRETO DO CARMO, SERGE DOMENECH. HEMICELLULOSE BIOREFINERY FOR FURFURAL PRODUCTION: ENERGY REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND MINIMIZATION. <em>Pulp and Paper Technical Association of Canada<\/em> [En l\u00ednia]<a href=\"http:\/\/www.paptac.ca\/J-FOR\/J-FOR%20Vol%201-No%203\/HEMICELLULOSE%20BIOREFINERY%20FOR%20FURFURAL%20PRODUCTION%20ENERGY%20REQUIREMENT%20ANALYSIS%20AND%20MINIMIZATION.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http:\/\/www.paptac.ca\/J-FOR\/J-FOR%20Vol%201-No%203\/HEMICELLULOSE%20BIOREFINERY%20FOR%20FURFURAL%20PRODUCTION%20ENERGY%20REQUIREMENT%20ANALYSIS%20AND%20MINIMIZATION.pdf<\/a> [Consulta: 25 juliol 2016]<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">MARVIN CH\u00c1VEZ-SIFONTES, MARCELO E.DOMINE. LIGNINA, ESTRUCTURA Y APLICACIONES: M\u00c9TODOS DE DESPOLIMERIZACI\u00d3N PARA LA OBTENCI\u00d3N DE DERIVADOS AROM\u00c1TICOS DE INTER\u00c9S INDUSTRIAL. <em>Fundaci\u00f3n Universidad Internacional de la Empresa<\/em> [En l\u00ednia] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.exeedu.com\/publishing.cl\/av_cienc_ing\/2013\/Vol4\/Nro4\/3-ACI1184-13-full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.exeedu.com\/publishing.cl\/av_cienc_ing\/2013\/Vol4\/Nro4\/3-ACI1184-13-full.pdf <\/a>[Consulta: 18 juliol]<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Energy research Centre of the Netherlands<\/em> [En l\u00ednia]\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecn.nl\/phyllis2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/www.ecn.nl\/phyllis2\/<\/a> [Consulta: 2 desembre]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ins Joan Guinjoan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4757,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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