{"id":3817,"date":"2017-03-05T23:18:26","date_gmt":"2017-03-05T22:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/?p=3817"},"modified":"2019-04-29T11:17:51","modified_gmt":"2019-04-29T09:17:51","slug":"ngarcia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/dinamitzacio\/ngarcia\/","title":{"rendered":"Automatitzaci\u00f3 i control d&#8217;un reg localitzat a\u00efllat de la xarxa el\u00e8ctrica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/c-140002.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-5353\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/c-140002-189x300.jpg\" alt=\"c-140002\" width=\"128\" height=\"203\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>T\u00edtol:<\/em> <\/span>Automatitzaci\u00f3 i control d&#8217;un reg localitzat a\u00efllat de la xarxa el\u00e8ctrica<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Autor:<\/span><\/em> Nil Garcia Par\u00eds<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>Tutora:<\/strong><\/em> <\/span>Annabel Salvany<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>Modalitat:<\/strong><\/em> <\/span>Ci\u00e8ncies i Tecnologia. Cientificotecnol\u00f2gic<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u00c0rea Curricular:<\/strong><\/em><\/span> Tecnologia<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>Centre:<\/strong><\/em><\/span> Institut Narc\u00eds Oller<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>Localitat:<\/strong> <\/em><\/span>Valls<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Objectiu:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019objectiu del treball \u00e9s buscar el millor m\u00e8tode per un reg automatitzat, que est\u00e0 a\u00efllat de la xarxa el\u00e8ctrica, i amb mitjans sostenibles amb el medi ambient; amb la funci\u00f3 de no haver de despla\u00e7ar-se a diari fins a la finca per tal d&#8217;obrir i tancar els sectors. Estudiar-ne la viabilitat d&#8217;aquest objectiu.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Hip\u00f2tesi:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>Es poden aplicar les energies renovables en el sector de l&#8217;agricultura?<\/p>\n<h6><strong>El proc\u00e9s:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Durant el treball he estat fent un estudi detallat sobre tots els aparells necessaris, el seu funcionament, la seva posici\u00f3 en l&#8217;esquema i els models adequats per a l&#8217;automatitzaci\u00f3 d&#8217;un reg localitzat, subministrat per energies alternatives a la xarxa el\u00e8ctrica. Anteriorment he estudiat la situaci\u00f3 de la finca, com est\u00e0 estructurada, i he consultat diverses dades climatol\u00f2giques properes a la parcel\u00b7la per a desenvolupar el meu treball.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En la part experimental he desenvolupat diferents esquemes on s&#8217;hi representen el sistema el\u00e8ctric, el cap\u00e7al de reg, i el conjunt de tot el sistema d&#8217;automatitzaci\u00f3 i control del reg localitzat a\u00efllat de la xarxa el\u00e8ctrica. Tamb\u00e9 he representat virtualment, en un programa, com funciona tota la xarxa de reg a la finca.<\/p>\n<p>He estudiat la viabilitat de quatre sistemes que es podrien implantar a la finca, que s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>Per gravetat.<\/li>\n<li>Mitjan\u00e7ant energia solar fotovoltaica.<\/li>\n<li>Mitjan\u00e7ant energia e\u00f2lica.<\/li>\n<li>Amb un generador el\u00e8ctric.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El funcionament del sistema comen\u00e7a a l&#8217;aparell encarregat de transformar l&#8217;energia mec\u00e0nica, solar o e\u00f2lica en energia el\u00e8ctrica. En el cas de la solar i la e\u00f2lica, envien l&#8217;electricitat al regulador de c\u00e0rrega, encarregat de portar-la fins a les bateries, on s&#8217;hi emmagatzema. Quan s&#8217;ha de regar, l&#8217;electricitat passa per l&#8217;inversor, que la transforma de CC (corrent continu) a CA (corrent altern) per enviar-la fins al transformador de freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia. En el cas de l&#8217;energia mec\u00e0nica va directament al transformador.<br \/>\nJust abans de que arribi l&#8217;electricitat al transformador, hi ha instal\u00b7lat un interruptor de nivell per a saber si al dip\u00f2sit hi ha suficient aigua per a poder regar. Un cop ha arribat l&#8217;electricitat al transformador, l&#8217;envia a la bomba motor i el regula segons la quantitat d&#8217;aigua que es necessita per a cada sector, mitjan\u00e7ant un transductor de pressi\u00f3. Tamb\u00e9 es pot comprovar la pressi\u00f3 de manera visual amb el man\u00f2metre. El filtre est\u00e0 col\u00b7locat a la sortida del motor per a treure les possibles restes que es moguin amb l&#8217;aigua. Al conducte s&#8217;hi instal\u00b7la una ventosa per a treure l&#8217;aire de les canonades.<br \/>\nPer \u00faltim, el programador de reg \u00e9s l&#8217;encarregat de distribuir i sectoritzar els cinc sectors que hi ha a la finca mitjan\u00e7ant un cable el\u00e8ctric fins als solenoides, instal\u00b7lats al costat de cada v\u00e0lvula de diafragma.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/Esquema-sistema-complet.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4985 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/Esquema-sistema-complet-1024x558.jpg\" alt=\"esquema-sistema-complet\" width=\"700\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/Esquema-sistema-complet-1024x558.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/Esquema-sistema-complet-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/Esquema-sistema-complet-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/tarragones\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu549\/2017\/03\/Esquema-sistema-complet.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><strong>Conclusions:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Es necessita una gran concentraci\u00f3 per a desenvolupar tot el sistema, ja que \u00e9s com un gran trencaclosques. Hi ha molts factors que hi intervenen, juntament amb nombroses dades dels aparells i resultats que han de sortir per tal de que tot el sistema tingui una relaci\u00f3 entre si. F\u00f3rmules tant simples com les de la pot\u00e8ncia, l&#8217;amperatge o el voltatge s\u00f3n essencials per a trobar uns resultats adequats a l&#8217;hora de col\u00b7locar unes bateries o uns panells solars en s\u00e8rie o en paral\u00b7lel.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Bibliografia:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>P. Berenguer i A. Reguant. Curs b\u00e0sic de reg. Generalitat de Catalunya: Departament d&#8217;Agricultura, Alimentaci\u00f3 i Acci\u00f3 Rural. 2010<\/li>\n<li>HIDROLOGY. Cat\u00e0leg de preus de l&#8217;any 2009. Alpicat (Lleida): Empresa distribu\u00efdora de sistemes de conducci\u00f3 i tractament d&#8217;aigua. 2010.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ins Narc\u00eds Oller<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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