{"id":8156,"date":"2024-01-10T17:22:21","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T16:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/?p=8156"},"modified":"2024-01-10T17:22:21","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T16:22:21","slug":"si-vols-que-el-teu-fill-sigui-autonom-i-critic-ensenya-li-subordinades","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/eap\/si-vols-que-el-teu-fill-sigui-autonom-i-critic-ensenya-li-subordinades\/","title":{"rendered":"Si vols que el teu fill sigui aut\u00f2nom i cr\u00edtic, ensenya-li subordinades"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu773\/2024\/01\/greg.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8157\" src=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu773\/2024\/01\/greg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"902\" height=\"672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu773\/2024\/01\/greg.png 902w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu773\/2024\/01\/greg-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu773\/2024\/01\/greg-768x572.png 768w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu773\/2024\/01\/greg-200x150.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 902px) 100vw, 902px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>El pedagog i doctor en filosofia analitza, en aquesta entrevista, els resultats del darrer informe PISA.<\/p>\n<p>El pedagog\u00a0<strong>Gregorio Luri<\/strong>\u00a0(Azagra, Navarra, 1955) avisa que la davallada sonora del nivell de comprensi\u00f3 lectora i matem\u00e0tiques a Catalunya fa gaireb\u00e9 quinze anys que es podia haver previst. En aquesta conversa, analitza\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vilaweb.cat\/noticies\/informe-pisa-2022-catalunya-illes-pais-valencia\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.vilaweb.cat\/noticies\/informe-pisa-2022-catalunya-illes-pais-valencia\/\">els resultats del darrer\u00a0<strong>informe PISA<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0i mira d\u2019il\u00b7luminar els problemes que el sistema educatiu arrossega d\u2019arrel: les desigualtats socioecon\u00f2miques, la sobreprotecci\u00f3 dels alumnes, la formaci\u00f3 dels mestres, la manca de recursos. I ho explica a partir d\u2019un \u00e0mbit fonamental: el vocabulari. A la recerca de respostes t\u00e8cniques i poc \u00f2bvies, Luri s\u2019expressa amb passi\u00f3, s\u2019emociona amb els exemples i les an\u00e8cdotes i es meravella amb les idees. A m\u00e9s de pedagog, \u00e9s doctor en filosofia per la Universitat de Barcelona i autor de molts assaigs.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<strong>Com de previsibles eren els resultats de l\u2019informe PISA?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2014El 2010, el director de l\u2019Ag\u00e8ncia d\u2019Avaluaci\u00f3 de Catalunya, Ximo Prats, ja em va dir: \u201cNo anem tan b\u00e9 com ens pensem.\u201d Aleshores els resultats eren bons, a dalt de tot. Per\u00f2 ja hi havia un indici: el nivell de comprensi\u00f3 lectora dels m\u00e9s petits baixava. Prats em va dir: \u201cPodem preveure quins nens de nou anys superaran quart d\u2019ESO i quins no segons el grau de comprensi\u00f3 lectora que tenen a tercer i quart de prim\u00e0ria.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<strong>La primera mostra que anem malament sempre \u00e9s la comprensi\u00f3 lectora?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2014S\u00ed. Sempre. No parlo de la mec\u00e0nica de la lectura: la comprensi\u00f3 \u00e9s una cosa molt m\u00e9s complexa. Per comprendre un text l\u2019has de situar en el seu context. Hi ha molts estudis sobre aix\u00f2. Un nen amb problemes de comprensi\u00f3 lectora, per\u00f2 molt seguidor del Bar\u00e7a ent\u00e9n una cr\u00f2nica d\u2019un partit molt m\u00e9s b\u00e9 que no pas un nen amb bona comprensi\u00f3 per\u00f2 que no sap absolutament res del Bar\u00e7a. La clau \u00e9s el coneixement previ. Has de tenir dades del m\u00f3n per a entendre un text. Aprendre a llegir \u00e9s una feina que no s\u2019acaba mai.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<strong>I per qu\u00e8 \u00e9s important l\u2019edat de nou anys?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2014Fins a nou anys, els nens aprenen a llegir. A partir dels nou, aprenen llegint. Quan aprens llegint, com m\u00e9s ric sigui el teu vocabulari, m\u00e9s f\u00e0cilment llegeixes. I com m\u00e9s f\u00e0cilment llegeixes, m\u00e9s coneixement assoleixes. Entres en un cercle virtu\u00f3s: l\u2019enriquiment mutu de la lectura i el coneixement. Si tens solament un vocabulari de subsist\u00e8ncia de cinc-centes paraules, tindr\u00e0s problemes amb qualsevol text. Com que no l\u2019entendr\u00e0s, acabar\u00e0s detestant la lectura.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<strong>No ensenyem prou vocabulari?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2014Un estudi dels Estats Units va comptar les paraules que els nens senten cada hora segons el nivell socioecon\u00f2mic. Vaig intentar replicar-lo aqu\u00ed. M\u2019he passat moltes hores comptant paraules en diferents \u00e0mbits. No s\u00f3n dades estrictament cient\u00edfiques, per\u00f2 s\u00ed que s\u00f3n orientatives i coincideixen molt amb les d\u2019aquest estudi. Hi ha nanos que senten al voltant de vuit-centes paraules per hora. N\u2019hi ha que en senten prop de mil sis-centes. Al cap de l\u2019any, pot passar que, entre dos nanos de quatre anys dels nivells extrems, un hagi sentit quaranta milions de paraules m\u00e9s que l\u2019altre. S\u00f3n en mons diferents. Ho tinc molt clar: bona part del nostre frac\u00e0s escolar \u00e9s un problema ling\u00fc\u00edstic. Tenir vocabulari no \u00e9s solament una llista de paraules, vol dir que tens coneixement del m\u00f3n. \u00c9s all\u00f2 que deia Wittgenstein: \u201cEls l\u00edmits del meu llenguatge s\u00f3n els l\u00edmits del meu m\u00f3n.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u2014<strong>Si dep\u00e8n del nivell socioecon\u00f2mic, doncs, el problema comen\u00e7a a casa.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2014Per aix\u00f2 l\u2019informe PISA sempre diu que l\u2019instrument amb m\u00e9s capacitat predictiva del resultat d\u2019un nen \u00e9s la quantitat de llibres que tens a casa. Les fam\u00edlies que en tenen m\u00e9s, fan servir m\u00e9s oracions subordinades. Tothom parla del pensament cr\u00edtic. Si vols que un nano sigui cr\u00edtic, ensenya-li subordinades. No hi ha manera de pensar cr\u00edticament sense conjuncions. Sembla simplista. Per\u00f2 \u00e9s aix\u00ed. Si vols que el teu fill sigui aut\u00f2nom i cr\u00edtic, ensenya-li subordinades i conjuncions.<\/p>\n<p>Per continuar llegint, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vilaweb.cat\/noticies\/entrevista-gregorio-luri-informe-pisa-educacio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>clica aqu\u00ed<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El pedagog i doctor en filosofia analitza, en aquesta entrevista, els resultats del darrer informe PISA. El pedagog\u00a0Gregorio Luri\u00a0(Azagra, Navarra, 1955) avisa que la davallada sonora del nivell de comprensi\u00f3 lectora i matem\u00e0tiques a Catalunya fa gaireb\u00e9 quinze anys que es podia haver previst. En aquesta conversa, analitza\u00a0els resultats del darrer\u00a0informe PISA\u00a0i mira d\u2019il\u00b7luminar els [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eap"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8156"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8158,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8156\/revisions\/8158"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/selva1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}