{"id":11385,"date":"2023-04-19T12:42:26","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T10:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-vallsdaneu\/?p=11385"},"modified":"2023-04-27T13:38:01","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T11:38:01","slug":"el-fred-daquest-hivern-insuficient-per-aturar-la-processionaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-vallsdaneu\/general\/el-fred-daquest-hivern-insuficient-per-aturar-la-processionaria\/","title":{"rendered":"El fred d\u2019aquest hivern, insuficient per aturar la procession\u00e0ria?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Us heu fixat quantes bosses de procession\u00e0ria hi ha aquest any? Clar, amb aquestes temperatures…! I no es poden fumigar? Cada any n\u2019hi ha m\u00e9s!…\u00a0 <\/em>Les darreres setmanes han estat nombrosos els comentaris de la \u201cgent del pa\u00eds\u201d respecte a la procession\u00e0ria, i \u00e9s que cada any aquest insecte desperta \u201cpassions\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Imatge: Process\u00f3 de procession\u00e0ries a finals d’hivern en direcci\u00f3 a sota terra. Autor:<\/em>\u00a0Cristina Cereza<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La procession\u00e0ria del pi (Thaumetopoea pityocampa<\/em>) \u00e9s un insecte lepid\u00f2pter (papallona) que es reconeix f\u00e0cilment per les bosses de p\u00e8ls blancs que construeixen a les branques dels pins.<\/p>\n

La papallona \u00e9s potser la fase menys reconeguda d\u2019aquest insecte, per\u00f2 \u00e9s molt f\u00e0cilment detectable en el seu estadi d\u2019eruga. Les t\u00edpiques processons d\u2019erugues baixen dels arbres quan arriba la bonan\u00e7a, pels volts de Setmana Santa (d\u2019aqu\u00ed el seu nom), i en despla\u00e7ar-se pel terra poden causar urtic\u00e0ria si les toquem o ens hi acostem m\u00e9s del compte.<\/p>\n

Durant l\u2019estiu, l\u2019adult, una papallona nocturna, deposita els ous sobre les ac\u00edcules dels pins. Les petites erugues neixen aproximadament despr\u00e9s d\u2019un mes i comencen a alimentar-se de les fulles de l\u2019arbre. Arribada la tardor les erugues formen les bosses, dins de les quals passaran l\u2019hivern. Durant aquest per\u00edode \u00e9s quan la procession\u00e0ria pateix m\u00e9s ja que nom\u00e9s si les temperatures ho permeten les erugues aprofiten per sortir a alimentar-se de les fulles m\u00e9s properes a la bossa.<\/p>\n

A finals d\u2019hivern \u00e9s el moment que les erugues comencen les seves processons baixant cap a terra. All\u00e0 s\u2019hi enterren, formen la cris\u00e0lide i es preparen per la metamorfosi per donar lloc finalment a noves papallones. Aquest \u00faltim pas pot trigar un o dos anys.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Imatge: Cicle biol\u00f2gic de la procession\u00e0ria del pi (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Font: El pi roig. Manuals de Gesti\u00f3 d\u2019H\u00e0bitats. Diputaci\u00f3 de Barcelona i Obra Social \u201cla Caixa\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u2019augment d\u2019aquesta plaga \u00e9s un fenomen complex que dep\u00e8n de moltes variables. Si les temperatures nocturnes durant l\u2019hivern s\u00f3n prou baixes poden evitar que les erugues surtin a alimentar-se debilitant-les o incl\u00fas provocar-ne la mort. El fred intens a la tardor, quan les bosses encara no estan ben constru\u00efdes, tamb\u00e9 pot ser un factor limitant, aix\u00ed com la precipitaci\u00f3 intensa en els primers estadis larvaris, que en pot reduir la viabilitat.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que la plaga de la procession\u00e0ria afecta cada any en major o menor mesura els boscos catalans segons les condicions clim\u00e0tiques que s\u2019hagin donat. Aquest any la procession\u00e0ria torna a ser ben present a les pinedes del l\u2019Alt \u00c0neu veient-se, a priori, un increment de bosses i una possible pujada en la cota\/l\u00edmit de distribuci\u00f3. Tamb\u00e9 s\u2019han observat algunes zones boscoses de pi molt afectats per la procession\u00e0ria i les sequeres de l\u2019estiu passat (Veure article: Quins efectes t\u00e9 la sequera persistent als boscos mediterranis?<\/a>, del CREAF). Aquestes zones tenen una concentraci\u00f3 de pins aparentment secs que ha alertat a nombrosos visitants i habitants de la vall. Caldr\u00e0 esperar a veure si tant la procession\u00e0ria, com les condicions clim\u00e0tiques d\u2019aquesta primavera i estiu, faciliten o no una remuntada d\u2019aquests pins.<\/p>\n

Cal tenir en compte, per\u00f2, que tot i que parlem de \u201cplaga\u201d, aquests insectes constitueixen part dels ecosistemes forestals mediterranis. Les mesures correctores es solen reduir en \u00e0rees recreatives, parcs i jardins. Es poden utilitzar trampes de feromones, extracci\u00f3 mec\u00e0nica de les bosses o tractaments qu\u00edmics mitjan\u00e7ant avionetes. Ara b\u00e9, a la natura la procession\u00e0ria ja hi t\u00e9 els seus propis enemics naturals: com ocells insect\u00edvors (mallerengues, cucuts) i una gran varietat d\u2019insectes que n\u2019ataquen les postes o les erugues.<\/p>\n

Tots aquells amants de la natura i dels boscos podeu compartir les vostres observacions a la plataforma de ci\u00e8ncia ciutadana \u201cAlerta Forestal\u201d que ha impulsat el CREAF per tal de recollir informaci\u00f3 d\u2019arreu de Catalunya i analitzar globalment l\u2019estat de salut dels nostres boscos. Per a participar-hi podeu enviar fotografies de paisatges de boscos afectats a trav\u00e9s de l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 web http:\/\/www.alertaforestal.com\/<\/a> o amb l\u2019app m\u00f2bil gratu\u00efta tant per a dispositius Android i iOS.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Us heu fixat quantes bosses de procession\u00e0ria hi ha aquest any? Clar, amb aquestes temperatures…! I no es poden fumigar? 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