{"id":8408,"date":"2015-11-11T12:44:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-11T11:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-valldeboi\/general\/els-peixos-i-la-qualitat-ecologica-del-riu\/"},"modified":"2016-07-11T17:16:28","modified_gmt":"2016-07-11T16:16:28","slug":"els-peixos-i-la-qualitat-ecologica-del-riu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-valldeboi\/general\/els-peixos-i-la-qualitat-ecologica-del-riu\/","title":{"rendered":"Els peixos i la qualitat ecol\u00f2gica del riu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>IES Mollerussa, Mollerussa<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<p>Al llarg dels segles, a les modificacions morfol\u00f2giques de rius i zones humides \u2014per canalitzacions o construcci\u00f3 de rescloses i preses\u2014 i la captaci\u00f3 d\u2019aigua \u2014per a reg, usos energ\u00e8tics o abastament\u2014, s\u2019han sumat la contaminaci\u00f3 aqu\u00e0tica i la dispersi\u00f3 d\u2019esp\u00e8cies foranes invasores de flora i fauna, principalment a partir de la segona meitat del segle xx. La Directiva marc de l\u2019aigua (2000\/60\/CE) va apar\u00e8ixer justament amb l\u2019objectiu de promoure un \u00fas sostenible de l\u2019aigua i retornar els ambients aqu\u00e0tics, alguns molt modificats, a un estat ecol\u00f2gic bo o molt bo.<\/p>\n<p>S\u2019ent\u00e9n per estat ecol\u00f2gic una mesura de la qualitat de l\u2019estructura i el funcionament de l\u2019ecosistema aqu\u00e0tic.<br \/>\nEl bon estat ecol\u00f2gic \u00e9s aquell en qu\u00e8 les comunitats biol\u00f2giques s\u00f3n iguals o molt properes a les que es trobarien en condicions inalterades. En un bon estat ecol\u00f2gic, les condicions fisicoqu\u00edmiques i tamb\u00e9 la configuraci\u00f3 del medi aqu\u00e0tic (condicions hidromorfol\u00f2giques) han de permetre el desenvolupament correcte d\u2019aquestes comunitats vives. Per tant, l\u2019avaluaci\u00f3 de la qualitat biol\u00f2gica \u2014essencialment de la flora aqu\u00e0tica, la fauna invertebrada i els peixos\u2014 juntament amb l\u2019avaluaci\u00f3 de la qualitat fisicoqu\u00edmica i hidromorfol\u00f2gica han de permetre determinar l\u2019estat ecol\u00f2gic de les masses d\u2019aigua.<\/p>\n<p>Amb el prop\u00f2sit de seguir els protocols de mostreig i an\u00e0lisi que comporta la implementaci\u00f3 de la Directiva marc de l\u2019aigua a Catalunya, s\u2019han adaptat o desenvolupat diversos \u00edndexs de qualitat de l\u2019aigua basats en els peixos. \u00c9s el cas de l\u2019\u00edndex de qualitat biol\u00f2gica IBICAT. El poblament de peixos t\u00e9 un inter\u00e8s especial per la seva relaci\u00f3 directa amb la pres\u00e8ncia de determinades estructures a l\u2019aigua i a la riba, morfologies o ambients aqu\u00e0tics concrets (gorgues permanents, llit de graves, vegetaci\u00f3 de ribera i basses tempor\u00e0nies, entre altres) i el funcionament de processos contaminants, cicle de la mat\u00e8ria org\u00e0nica i nutrients, exist\u00e8ncia de determinades comunitats aqu\u00e0tiques que els representin un recurs alimentari, r\u00e8gim de cabals, aportaci\u00f3 de sediments i connectivitat ecol\u00f2gica. A m\u00e9s, els peixos tenen un valor com a bioindicadors en les escales d&#8217;espai i temps molt superior a la resta de bioindicadors (macroinvertebrats i algues diatomees).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8586\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8586\" style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-valldeboi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1369\/2015\/11\/vhn13pq6.bmp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8586 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-valldeboi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1369\/2015\/11\/vhn13pq6.bmp\" alt=\"vhn13pq6\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8586\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">mostreig de peixos mitjan\u00e7ant pesca el\u00e8ctrica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8587\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8587\" style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8587 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-valldeboi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1369\/2015\/11\/bqgpxbn7.bmp\" alt=\"bqgpxbn7\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8587\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">mostreig de peixos mitjan\u00e7ant pesca el\u00e8ctrica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8588\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8588\" style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-valldeboi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1369\/2015\/11\/cgq7iqk2.bmp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8588 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-valldeboi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1369\/2015\/11\/cgq7iqk2.bmp\" alt=\"cgq7iqk2\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8588\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">mesurant els peixos capturats amb l&#8217;icti\u00f2metre i pesant-los amb la balan\u00e7a de precisi\u00f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14.7301px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; left: 567px; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; top: 637px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.978498); white-space: pre; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;\" data-canvas-width=\"359.10860114367125\">a<\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14.7301px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; left: 603px; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; top: 629px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(1.04127); white-space: pre; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;\" data-canvas-width=\"359.2373768515781\">\u00a0e<\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14.7301px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; left: 606px; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; top: 643px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; white-space: pre; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14.7301px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; left: 608px; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; top: 651px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; white-space: pre; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;\">&#8211;<\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14.7301px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; left: 77px; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; top: 657px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.998091); white-space: pre; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;\" data-canvas-width=\"355.3204849515185\">a<\/div>\n<div style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14.7301px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; left: 447.267px; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; top: 374.919px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; white-space: pre; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;\">&#8211;<\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14.7301px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; left: 638px; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; top: 638px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(1.01969); white-space: pre; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;\" data-canvas-width=\"122.36328946572688\">.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IES Mollerussa, Mollerussa Al llarg dels segles, a les modificacions morfol\u00f2giques de rius i zones humides \u2014per canalitzacions o construcci\u00f3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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