{"id":9067,"date":"2017-07-07T13:43:17","date_gmt":"2017-07-07T11:43:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/?p=9067"},"modified":"2022-07-12T13:01:19","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T11:01:19","slug":"col%c2%b7lectors-solars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/portada\/col%c2%b7lectors-solars\/","title":{"rendered":"Col\u00b7lectors solars"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n i per a qu\u00e8 serveixen?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/collector_solar.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-9075\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/collector_solar-300x239.jpg\" alt=\"collector_solar\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/collector_solar-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/collector_solar.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Els col\u00b7lectors solars, tamb\u00e9 anomenats captadors solars o panells t\u00e8rmics, s\u00f3n uns aparells que serveixen per escalfar aigua amb l&#8217;energia calor\u00edfica del sol.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Funcionament<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Es fa circular un fluid t\u00e8rmic (aigua\u00a0amb anticongelant) per dins del col\u00b7lector de manera que en rebre la calor del sol la transmet a aquest fluid.\u00a0Seguidament cal transmetre aquesta calor del fluid t\u00e8rmic a l&#8217;aigua convencional que s&#8217;emmagatzemar\u00e0 en un dip\u00f2sit. Hi ha dos sistemes b\u00e0sics per a\u00a0fer-ho:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/circuit-collector.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9077\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/circuit-collector.jpg\" alt=\"circuit collector\" width=\"443\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/circuit-collector.jpg 443w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/circuit-collector-300x202.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">directament\u00a0mitjan\u00e7ant un serpent\u00ed situat dins el dip\u00f2sit d&#8217;aigua.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">transmetent la calor a un altre circuit mitjan\u00e7ant un bescanviador de calor extern al dip\u00f2sit d&#8217;aigua.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u00a0El disseny del col\u00b7lector \u00e9s b\u00e0sic per a obtenir el m\u00e0xim rendiment en la captaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;energia calor\u00edfica del sol. Les parts m\u00e9s importants del col\u00b7lector s\u00f3n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/parts_collector.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-9074\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/parts_collector-300x167.jpg\" alt=\"parts_collector\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/parts_collector-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/parts_collector.jpg 416w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Vidre<\/strong> (exterior): deixa passar la calor del sol a i l&#8217;interior del col\u00b7lector per\u00f2 no la deixa marxar (efecte hivernacle)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Superf\u00edcie de captaci\u00f3<\/strong>: normalment \u00e9s met\u00e0l\u00b7lica i de color negre. La seva funci\u00f3 \u00e9s absorbir la m\u00e0xima quantitat de calor possible i transmetre-la al fluid t\u00e8rmic que circula per uns<strong> tubs<\/strong> que solen estar soldats a la mateixa superf\u00edcie de captaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>A\u00efllant<\/strong>: omple els espais posterior i laterals per tal d&#8217;evitar p\u00e8rdues de calor cap a l&#8217;exterior.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Carcassa<\/strong>: cont\u00e9 tots els elements anteriors. Acostuma a ser d&#8217;alumini per reduir el pes del col\u00b7lector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Els col\u00b7lectors solen treballar en un rang de temperatures de 30 a 80 \u00baC<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Import\u00e0ncia d&#8217;una correcta orientaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9s evident que per a un aprofitament \u00f2ptim de l&#8217;energia calor\u00edfica del sol cal que els raigs incideixin perpendicularment al col\u00b7lector solar. Donat que el sol es va movent (aparentment) durant tot el dia, des que surt fins que es pon, te\u00f2ricament el col\u00b7lector tamb\u00e9 s&#8217;hauria d&#8217;anar movent seguint el moviment del sol, sempre encarat a ell. Per motius t\u00e8cnics i econ\u00f2mics, habitualment s&#8217;opta per deixar el col\u00b7lector en una posici\u00f3 fixa. Per\u00f2&#8230; quina ha de ser aquesta posici\u00f3?<\/p>\n<p>Podem descompondre el moviment del sol en dos eixos:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9078\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9078\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/gr\u00e0fic_altura_sol.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9078\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/gr\u00e0fic_altura_sol-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"altura del sol (latitud 42\u00ba) clica per veure-ho m\u00e9s gran\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/gr\u00e0fic_altura_sol-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/gr\u00e0fic_altura_sol.jpg 613w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9078\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">altura del sol (latitud 42\u00ba)<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">clica per veure-ho m\u00e9s gran<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>azimut<\/strong>: moviment horitzontal del sol (esquerra-dreta, est-oest..).<br \/>\nEn aquest cas la posici\u00f3 del col\u00b7lector \u00e9s clara: ha d&#8217;estar encarat al sud, que \u00e9s el moment del dia en el que el sol est\u00e0 m\u00e9s alt i fa m\u00e9s calor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>declinaci\u00f3<\/strong>: moviment vertical del sol (dalt- baix; al\u00e7ada del sol sobre l&#8217;horitz\u00f3)<br \/>\nL&#8217;al\u00e7ada del sol sobre l&#8217;horitz\u00f3 va variant al llarg de l&#8217;any: a l&#8217;hivern es troba molt baix, i en canvi a l&#8217;estiu es troba molt alt. Caldria buscar un punt mig, que correspondria a l&#8217;al\u00e7ada del sol a l&#8217;horitz\u00f3 dels equinoccis de primavera o de tardor. Aquesta al\u00e7ada correspon a la latitud del lloc. Caldria inclinar els col\u00b7lectors fins a aquesta posici\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En resum. Posici\u00f3 correcta dels col\u00b7lectors: orientats a sud i inclinats el mateix valor de la latitud del lloc on s&#8217;han d&#8217;instal\u00b7lar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Refer\u00e8ncies i<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u00a0enlla\u00e7os<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Activitats del Camp d&#8217;Aprenentatge relacionades:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/ambits\/recursos-del-medi-i-sostenibilitat\/el-nostre-amic-el-sol\/\">El nostre amic el Sol (Prim\u00e0ria)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/ambits\/recursos-del-medi-i-sostenibilitat\/lenergia-solar-i-les-seves-aplicacions-eso\/\">L&#8217;energia solar i les seves aplicacions (ESO)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/ambits\/recursos-del-medi-i-sostenibilitat\/lenergia-solar-i-les-seves-aplicacions-batx-i-cf\/\">L&#8217;energia solar i les seves aplicacions (Batxillerat i Cicles Formatius)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panell_solar_t%C3%A8rmic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Viquip\u00e8dia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n i per a qu\u00e8 serveixen? Els col\u00b7lectors solars, tamb\u00e9 anomenats captadors solars o panells t\u00e8rmics, s\u00f3n uns aparells que serveixen per escalfar aigua amb l&#8217;energia calor\u00edfica del sol. Funcionament Es fa circular un fluid t\u00e8rmic (aigua\u00a0amb anticongelant) per dins del col\u00b7lector de manera que en rebre la calor del sol la transmet a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[375,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-energia-solar","category-portada"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9067"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15261,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9067\/revisions\/15261"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}