{"id":9052,"date":"2017-07-06T14:31:03","date_gmt":"2017-07-06T12:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/?p=9052"},"modified":"2026-02-19T10:03:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T09:03:12","slug":"pluviometres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/portada\/pluviometres\/","title":{"rendered":"Pluvi\u00f2metres"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Per a qu\u00e8 serveixen?<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Els\u00a0pluvi\u00f2metres serveixen per mesurar la pluja que ha caigut en un cert temps.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La mesura de la pluja ve de molt antic. Es t\u00e9 const\u00e0ncia que els\u00a0grecs (segle V abans de Crist) i els hind\u00fas (segle IV abans de Crist) ja tenien registres de pluges, segurament amb finalitats agr\u00edcoles. Hem d&#8217;esperar fins al segle XVII, per\u00f2, per a obtenir registres de precipitacions continuats i amb pluvi\u00f2metres semblants als actuals. Els pioners van ser els brit\u00e0nics.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Tipus de pluvi\u00f2metres<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/pluvi\u00f2metre.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-9056\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/pluvi\u00f2metre.jpg\" alt=\"pluvi\u00f2metre\" width=\"59\" height=\"234\" \/><\/a>Un pluvi\u00f2metre \u00e9s, en principi, un aparell molt senzill:\u00a0consisteix en un recipient cil\u00edndric (obert per la part superior) en el que s&#8217;hi recull l&#8217;aigua de pluja. El resultat s&#8217;obt\u00e9 mesurant\u00a0l&#8217;al\u00e7ada de la pluja recollida. \u00a0A partir d&#8217;aquest disseny inicial, podem millorar les seves &#8220;prestacions&#8221;, per exemple:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;al\u00e7ada del recipient ha de ser suficientment alta de manera\u00a0que les gotes de pluja no rebotin i surtin fora.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">A la part superior hi posem un embut per a recollir l&#8217;aigua de pluja i aix\u00ed minimitzem l&#8217;evaporaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;aigua en haver un petit forat enlloc d&#8217;una superf\u00edcie m\u00e9s gran.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pintem el pluvi\u00f2metre de color blanc per evitar que s&#8217;escalfi l&#8217;aigua i s&#8217;evapori.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pluvi\u00f2metre Hellmann<a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/pluvi\u00f2metre_hellmann.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-9057\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/pluvi\u00f2metre_hellmann-172x300.jpg\" alt=\"pluvi\u00f2metre_hellmann\" width=\"135\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/pluvi\u00f2metre_hellmann-172x300.jpg 172w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/pluvi\u00f2metre_hellmann.jpg 326w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 135px) 100vw, 135px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c9s el tipus m\u00e9s corrent per a mesures fiables. Consta d&#8217;un cilindre a l&#8217;interior del qual hi ha una proveta graduada on es recull l&#8217;aigua. A la part superior s&#8217;hi encaixa un altre cilindre amb forma d&#8217;embut que recull l&#8217;aigua de pluja i la fa anar a la proveta de la part inferior.<br \/>\nEl pluvi\u00f2metre Hellmann i altres tipus m\u00e9s senzills, s\u00f3n manuals, \u00e9s a dir, que un cop feta la lectura de l&#8217;aigua caiguda, cal buidar la proveta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pluvi\u00f2graf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/pluviograf-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-9062\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/pluviograf-1.jpg\" alt=\"pluviograf\" width=\"236\" height=\"287\" \/><\/a>\u00c9s un tipus de pluvi\u00f2metre especial, que va registrant en un paper i de forma continua la pluja caiguda. T\u00e9 un flotador que va pujant i baixant segons la quantitat de precipitaci\u00f3 i que al mateix temps va dibuixant un gr\u00e0fic.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Una variant d&#8217;aquest aparell \u00e9s el <strong>pluvi\u00f2graf d&#8217;intensitat<\/strong>, inventat per un catal\u00e0, el Doctor Ramon Jard\u00ed el 1921; el seu \u00fas s&#8217;ha est\u00e8s arreu del m\u00f3n. En aquest cas registrem la intensitat de la pluja, \u00e9s a dir, quanta precipitaci\u00f3 s&#8217;ha produ\u00eft i en quin temps ho ha fet. Aquesta dada \u00e9s important de con\u00e8ixer, sobretot en zones on es produeixen pluges torrencials de tant en tant com passa al nostre pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pluvi\u00f2metre digital<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/Pluviometre_digital.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-9063\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/Pluviometre_digital.jpg\" alt=\"Pluviometre_digital\" width=\"198\" height=\"204\" \/><\/a>Funciona de forma autom\u00e0tica (no cal buidar l&#8217;aigua). El seu funcionament es basa en un petit estri situat sota l&#8217;embut de recollida d&#8217;aigua, el balanc\u00ed, que t\u00e9 dos petites cubetes que s&#8217;omplen i buiden alternativament d&#8217;aigua de la pluja, tot produint un moviment que \u00e9s comptat electr\u00f2nicament. Els resultats es descarreguen a un ordinador i tamb\u00e9 es mostren en una pantalla digital.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Unitats de mesura<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les m\u00e9s habituals s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<table style=\"background-color: #01631a;\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>mm<\/strong> (mil\u00b7l\u00edmetres d&#8217;altura de precipitaci\u00f3)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>l\/m2<\/strong> (litres per metre quadrat)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les dues mesures s\u00f3n equivalents: <strong>1 mm = 1 l\/m2. Us ho expliquem a continuaci\u00f3 i en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hUebuP4-G7U\">aquest v\u00eddeo<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/l_m2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-9064\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2017\/07\/l_m2.jpg\" alt=\"l_m2\" width=\"179\" height=\"191\" \/><\/a>Anem a veure la relaci\u00f3 entre les dues unitats. Imaginem que tenim un recipient de base quadrada d&#8217;1m \u00a0de costat. Despr\u00e9s de ploure mesurem amb un regle l&#8217;altura de l&#8217;aigua de pluja en el recipient i obtenim un resultat de 10 mm. Quin \u00e9s el volum d&#8217;aigua que hi ha al quadrat? Calculem-ho:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10 mm= 0,010 m<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Volum de l&#8217;aigua caiguda = volum d&#8217;un cub (amplada x llargada x al\u00e7ada)<br \/>\n1 m x 1m x 0,010 m= 0,010 m3.<br \/>\nCom que 1 m3 = 1000 litres;<br \/>\n0,010 x 1000 = 10 l<br \/>\n\u00c9s a dir, al recipient hi ha 10 litres d&#8217;aigua de pluja. Per tant, 10 l\/m2<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.3cat.cat\/3catinfo\/com-fabricar-un-pluviometre-casola\/noticia\/3000328\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Taller: construcci\u00f3 d&#8217;un\u00a0pluvi\u00f2metre<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Refer\u00e8ncies i<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u00a0enlla\u00e7os<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Activitats del Camp d&#8217;Aprenentatge relacionades:\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Quin temps fa? (CMP)\" href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/ambits\/meteorologi\/quin-temps-fa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quin temps fa? (cicle mitj\u00e0 de prim\u00e0ria)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Observaci\u00f3 i mesura del temps atmosf\u00e8ric (CSP)\" href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/ambits\/meteorologi\/observacio-i-mesura-temps-atmosferic-csp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Observaci\u00f3 i mesura del temps atmosf\u00e8ric (cicle superior de prim\u00e0ria)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Observaci\u00f3 i mesura del temps atmosf\u00e8ric. ESO\" href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/ambits\/meteorologi\/observacio-i-mesura-del-temps-atmosferic-eso\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Observaci\u00f3 i mesura del temps atmosf\u00e8ric (ESO)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Meteorologia\" href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/meteorologia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dades de l&#8217;estaci\u00f3 meteorol\u00f2gica digital de Can Santoi<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/programes-de-suport\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meteomaps:\u00a0<\/a>programari per a confegir mapes del temps<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pluvi%C3%B2metre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Viquip\u00e8dia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Per a qu\u00e8 serveixen? Els\u00a0pluvi\u00f2metres serveixen per mesurar la pluja que ha caigut en un cert temps. La mesura de la pluja ve de molt antic. Es t\u00e9 const\u00e0ncia que els\u00a0grecs (segle V abans de Crist) i els hind\u00fas (segle IV abans de Crist) ja tenien registres de pluges, segurament amb finalitats agr\u00edcoles. Hem d&#8217;esperar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9057,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[376,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-aparells-meteorologia","category-portada"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9052"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9052\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24950,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9052\/revisions\/24950"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}