{"id":2937,"date":"2015-05-29T14:14:10","date_gmt":"2015-05-29T12:14:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/?p=2937"},"modified":"2017-07-06T14:18:49","modified_gmt":"2017-07-06T12:18:49","slug":"els-aparells-meteorologics-el-termometre-de-maximes-i-minimes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/articles-aparells-meteorologia\/els-aparells-meteorologics-el-termometre-de-maximes-i-minimes\/","title":{"rendered":"Els aparells meteorol\u00f2gics: el term\u00f2metre de m\u00e0ximes i m\u00ednimes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Per a qu\u00e8 serveix?<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Un term\u00f2metre de m\u00e0ximes i m\u00ednimes \u00e9s un aparell que mesura la temperatura m\u00e0xima (la m\u00e9s alta) i la temperatura m\u00ednima (la m\u00e9s baixa) de l&#8217;aire en un determinat interval de temps, normalment un dia.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2967\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2967\" style=\"width: 274px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/term_max_min_complet_2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2967\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/term_max_min_complet_2.jpg\" alt=\"term_max_min_complet_2\" width=\"274\" height=\"350\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2967\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Term\u00f2metre de m\u00e0xima i m\u00ednima de mercuri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Com funciona?<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong>El\u00a0term\u00f2metre t\u00e9 un tub capil\u00b7lar (\u00e9s a dir, molt estret) en forma de U acabat en dos bulbs (o dip\u00f2sits).<br \/>\nTradicionalment cont\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>alcohol: l\u00edquid que es dilata (o contreu) segons la temperatura i que despla\u00e7a al&#8230;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">mercuri, l\u00edquid molt dens (que en aquest tipus de term\u00f2metre no es dilata) i que empeny els&#8230;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00edndexs met\u00e0l\u00b7lics:\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">cap amunt a la columna de les m\u00e0ximes (dreta) si la temperatura augmenta;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">cap amunt a la columna de les m\u00ednimes (esquerra) si la temperatura baixa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2978\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2978\" style=\"width: 161px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/term_max_min_glicerina.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2978 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/term_max_min_glicerina-161x300.jpg\" alt=\"term_max_min_glicerina\" width=\"161\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/term_max_min_glicerina-161x300.jpg 161w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/term_max_min_glicerina.jpg 278w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 161px) 100vw, 161px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2978\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Term\u00f2metre de m\u00e0xima i m\u00ednima d&#8217;alcohol (vermell) i glicerina (transparent)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D&#8217;un temps en\u00e7\u00e0, s&#8217;ha substitu\u00eft el mercuri dels term\u00f2metres per un altre l\u00edquid d&#8217;origen org\u00e0nic (glicerina o altres) per q\u00fcestions de salut i de seguretat. \u00c9s important que aquest l\u00edquid tingui una densitat el m\u00e9s diferent possible de la del alcohol per tal d&#8217;evitar que es barregin entre ells.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Explicaci\u00f3 del funcionament. Si la temperatura ambiental augmenta, l&#8217;alcohol contingut al dip\u00f2sit de la columna esquerra es dilata i empeny el mercuri (o glicerina) de manera que puja per la columna de la dreta (m\u00e0ximes) i empeny alhora l&#8217;\u00edndex met\u00e0l\u00b7lic fins a una determinada altura (la m\u00e0xima); quan la temperatura baixa, l&#8217;alcohol es contreu i el mercuri, que el segueix, descendeix a la columna de la dreta i puja per la de l&#8217;esquerra (m\u00ednimes) tot empenyent l&#8217;\u00edndex met\u00e0l\u00b7lic cap amunt (temperatura m\u00ednima). Donat que els \u00edndexs met\u00e0l\u00b7lics no es mouen per si sols, quedaran en la posici\u00f3 m\u00e9s alta a les dues columnes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a la dreta (m\u00e0ximes), temperatura m\u00e9s alta (m\u00e0xima) a la que ha arribat.<\/li>\n<li>a l&#8217;esquerra (m\u00ednimes), temperatura m\u00e9s baixa (m\u00ednima) a la que ha arribat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Com ho mesurem?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Preparaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;aparell.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Situem el term\u00f2metre en un indret ben ventilat i a l&#8217;ombra (l&#8217;indret ideal \u00e9s dins una caseta meteorol\u00f2gica).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amb l&#8217;imant fem baixar els \u00edndexs met\u00e0l\u00b7lics fins a tocar el mercuri (o glicerina) a les dues columnes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Lectura de les temperatures m\u00e0ximes i m\u00ednimes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Temperatura m\u00e0xima: hem de llegir la temperatura indicada a la part inferior de l&#8217;\u00edndex met\u00e0l\u00b7lic de la columna de la dreta.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Temperatura m\u00ednima:\u00a0hem de llegir la temperatura indicada a la part inferior de l&#8217;\u00edndex met\u00e0l\u00b7lic de la columna de l&#8217;esquerra. Atenci\u00f3! Cal no equivocar-se en la lectura de les m\u00ednimes. L&#8217;escala graduada d&#8217;aquesta columna est\u00e0 invertida respecte a la posici\u00f3 habitual dels term\u00f2metres: com m\u00e9s amunt, m\u00e9s fred indica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>En quines unitats es mesura?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mesurem la temperatura en \u00baC (graus cent\u00edgrads o Celsius).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Altres unitats de temperatura s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Unitat<\/td>\n<td>Conversi\u00f3 a \u00ba Celsius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00baF (graus Farenheit)<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0C=(F-32)\u00b75\/9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00baK (graus Kelvin)<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0C=K-273,15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Altres\u00a0term\u00f2metre de m\u00e0xima i m\u00ednima<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Term\u00f2metres de m\u00e0xima i m\u00ednima de precisi\u00f3<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/term_max_min_precisio.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2976\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/term_max_min_precisio.jpg\" alt=\"term_max_min_precisio\" width=\"317\" height=\"216\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0S\u00f3n term\u00f2metres separats, un per la temperatura m\u00e0xima \u00a0i l&#8217;altre per la m\u00ednima. Les seves graduacions solen ser de 0,5\u00baC.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Funcionen de forma diferent als convencionals. El tub capil\u00b7lar del term\u00f2metre de m\u00e0ximes presenta un estrenyiment a prop del dip\u00f2sit que fa que el mercuri no pugui tornar enrere quan es contreu. D&#8217;aquesta manera ens indica la temperatura m\u00e0xima. El de m\u00ednimes funciona d&#8217;una forma semblant per\u00f2 cont\u00e9 alcohol. Aquests term\u00f2metres s&#8217;han de col\u00b7locar en posici\u00f3 gaireb\u00e9 horitzontal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Term\u00f2metre cl\u00ednic<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/termometre_clinic.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2977\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/05\/termometre_clinic.jpg\" alt=\"termometre_clinic\" width=\"150\" height=\"99\" \/><\/a>\u00c9s el term\u00f2metre que ens indica la temperatura del nostre cos i serveix per a comprovar si tenim febre (tradicionalment &gt; 37\u00baC). En realitat \u00e9s un term\u00f2metre de m\u00e0xima de mercuri molt semblant al que acabem d&#8217;explicar. Tamb\u00e9 t\u00e9 un estrenyiment que fa que el mercuri no retorni al dip\u00f2sit quan es contreu. Per fer-lo baixar cal sacsejar amb for\u00e7a l&#8217;aparell. Les graduacions s\u00f3n de 0,1 \u00baC i el rang de temperatures correspon a les del cos hum\u00e0: 35 \u00ba C a 42 \u00ba C. Aquest tipus de term\u00f2metres s&#8217;han anat substituint per altres de tipus digital per motius de salut i seguretat.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Refer\u00e8ncies i<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\"> enlla\u00e7os<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Activitats del Camp d&#8217;Aprenentatge relacionades:\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Quin temps fa? (CMP)\" href=\"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/quin-temps-fa\/\" target=\"_blank\">Quin temps fa? (cicle mitj\u00e0 de prim\u00e0ria)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Observaci\u00f3 i mesura del temps atmosf\u00e8ric (CSP)\" href=\"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/observacio-i-mesura-temps-atmosferic-csp\/\" target=\"_blank\">Observaci\u00f3 i mesura del temps atmosf\u00e8ric (cicle superior de prim\u00e0ria)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Observaci\u00f3 i mesura del temps atmosf\u00e8ric. ESO\" href=\"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/observacio-i-mesura-del-temps-atmosferic-eso\/\" target=\"_blank\">Observaci\u00f3 i mesura del temps atmosf\u00e8ric (ESO)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><a title=\"Meteorologia\" href=\"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/meteorologi\/\" target=\"_blank\">Dades de l&#8217;estaci\u00f3 meteorol\u00f2gica digital de Can Santoi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/programes-de-suport\/\" target=\"_blank\">Meteomaps: <\/a>programari per a confegir mapes del temps<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Term%C3%B2metre_de_m%C3%A0xima_i_m%C3%ADnima\" target=\"_blank\">Viquip\u00e8dia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Per a qu\u00e8 serveix? Un term\u00f2metre de m\u00e0ximes i m\u00ednimes \u00e9s un aparell que mesura la temperatura m\u00e0xima (la m\u00e9s alta) i la temperatura m\u00ednima (la m\u00e9s baixa) de l&#8217;aire en un determinat interval de temps, normalment un dia. Com funciona? El\u00a0term\u00f2metre t\u00e9 un tub capil\u00b7lar (\u00e9s a dir, molt estret) en forma de U [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[376],"tags":[331,332,333,334,335,336],"class_list":["post-2937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-aparells-meteorologia","tag-aparell","tag-maxima","tag-mesura","tag-meteorologia-2","tag-minima","tag-termometre"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2937"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8802,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2937\/revisions\/8802"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}