{"id":2419,"date":"2015-01-16T14:31:53","date_gmt":"2015-01-16T13:31:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/?p=2419"},"modified":"2017-07-05T13:24:21","modified_gmt":"2017-07-05T11:24:21","slug":"efimeres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/articles-animals-de-la-riera\/efimeres\/","title":{"rendered":"EF\u00cdMERES"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les ef\u00edmeres s\u00f3n uns insectes voladors i les seves larves o nimfes s\u00f3n aqu\u00e0tiques.<\/p>\n<table width=\"568\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2481\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2481\" style=\"width: 227px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/adult.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2481\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/adult.jpg\" alt=\"adult\" width=\"227\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/adult.jpg 373w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/adult-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2481\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">ADULT D&#8217;EF\u00cdMERA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_2420\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2420\" style=\"width: 211px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/baixa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2420\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/baixa.jpg\" alt=\"baixa\" width=\"211\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2420\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NIMFA D&#8217;EF\u00cdMERA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Per con\u00e8ixer millor aquests artr\u00f2podes cal saber diferents aspectes tant de la nimfa aqu\u00e0tica com de l\u2019insecte aeri ja adult.<\/p>\n<p><strong>FORMA DEL COS:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-La <strong>nimfa<\/strong> t\u00e9 el cos format per cap, t\u00f2rax i un abdomen cil\u00edndric i allargat acabat en tres cues o cercs. El cap t\u00e9 dues antenes. Del t\u00f2rax surten sis potes articulades. Destaquen les br\u00e0nquies plomoses que es disposen al voltant de l\u2019abdomen.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2425\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2425\" style=\"width: 157px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2425\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f9.jpg\" alt=\"f9\" width=\"157\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f9.jpg 941w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f9-300x276.jpg 300w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f9-768x706.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 157px) 100vw, 157px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2425\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Imatge extreta del llibre &#8220;La vida a les aig\u00fces dolces&#8221; Ed Teide<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>-L\u2019<strong>adult<\/strong> \u00e9s molt fr\u00e0gil i de mida petita, ja que el seu cos no sobrepassa els 12 mm. T\u00e9 dues antenes curtes i presenten d\u2019un a dos parells d\u2019ales membranoses que poden plegar verticalment sobre el cos. L\u2019abdomen corbat consta de deu segments i posseeix dos o tres llargs\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cerc_(artr%C3%B2podes)\">cercs<\/a>\u00a0(&#8220;cues&#8221;) en el seu extrem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>DESPLA\u00c7AMENT:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-Les <strong>larves, <\/strong>algunes viuen en fons tous i enllotats, on excaven i avancen amb l\u2019ajuda de dues banyes situades al cap i que formen part de les mand\u00edbules. Normalment fan galeries en forma de U a les vores dels rierols. Hi ha esp\u00e8cies que tenen larves que s\u00f3n fixes i viuen en corrents r\u00e0pides, s\u00f3n de forma m\u00e9s aplanada i utilitzen les tr\u00e0quees per fer de ventosa. Hi ha altres de nedadores que utilitzen els cerc com a tim\u00f3 i fins i tot de reptadores que viuen pel fons.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2422\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2422\" style=\"width: 1741px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f6-e1478511266906.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2422 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f6-e1478511266906.jpg\" alt=\"f6\" width=\"1741\" height=\"452\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2422\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Imatge extreta del llibre &#8220;La vida a les aig\u00fces dolces&#8221; Ed Teide<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>-Els <strong>adults<\/strong> s\u00f3n aeris, per\u00f2 no s\u00f3n \u00e0gils voladors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LA RESPIRACI\u00d3<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2423\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2423\" style=\"width: 218px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2423\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f5.jpg\" alt=\"f5\" width=\"218\" height=\"143\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2423\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Imatge extreta del llibre &#8220;La vida a les aig\u00fces dolces&#8221; Ed Teide<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>-Les <strong>larves<\/strong> respiren per traqueobr\u00e0nquies plomoses de diverses formes de replegament situades a l\u2019abdomen. Amb el moviment de les br\u00e0nquies generen corrents d\u2019aigua que faciliten l\u2019oxigenaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Els <strong>adults<\/strong> tenen respiraci\u00f3 traqueal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LA NUTRICI\u00d3:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-La majoria de les <strong>larves<\/strong> s\u00f3n herb\u00edvores, amb la boca filtren, mosseguen i masteguen. S\u2019alimenten normalment d\u2019algues i detritus vegetals. Hi ha esp\u00e8cies que s\u00f3n omn\u00edvores.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019<strong>adult<\/strong> t\u00e9 l\u2019aparell bucal degenerat i no poden menjar, l\u2019energia que els cal per sobreviure l\u2019obtenen de la que van acumular quan eren larves.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0EL COMPORTAMENT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-La <strong>nimfa<\/strong> viu d\u2019un a tres anys en l\u2019aigua i surt d\u2019ella tot grimpant per les plantes quan les condicions s\u00f3n favorables i completa la metamorfosi.<br \/>\n-L\u2019<strong>adult<\/strong> poden viure des d\u2019unes hores fins a pocs dies sempre prop de l\u2019aigua. Durant el dia amagades entre la vegetaci\u00f3 i en el capvespre surten i comencen les danses\u00a0 d\u2019aparellament.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0L\u2019H\u00c0BITAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-Les <strong>nimfes<\/strong> viuen en rierols d\u2019aig\u00fces dolces clares i riques en oxigen La majoria no s\u00f3n gaire tolerants a la contaminaci\u00f3. Hi ha formes: excavadores, fixes, nedadores i reptadores.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2477\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2477\" style=\"width: 448px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/efim11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2477\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/efim11.jpg\" alt=\"efim11\" width=\"448\" height=\"196\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2477\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ef\u00edmera de la fam\u00edlia Baetidae.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A la riera de Vallvidrera trobem sempre ef\u00edmeres de la fam\u00edlia baetidae que solen ser nedadores i que s\u00f3n mitjanament tolerants a la contaminaci\u00f3 d\u2019origen org\u00e0nic.<br \/>\nFins fa uns vuit anys encara es trobaven ef\u00edmeres de la fam\u00edlia heptagenidae adaptades a viure en zones de corrent fort i que eren indicadores d\u2019aig\u00fces netes.<\/p>\n<p>-L\u2019<strong>adult<\/strong> viu a prop de l\u2019aigua, recolzat a les plantes de les voreres i sobrevolant la zona al capvespre.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LA METAMORFOSI<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2424\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2424\" style=\"width: 139px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f8.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2424\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f8.jpg\" alt=\"f8\" width=\"139\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f8.jpg 725w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/f8-258x300.jpg 258w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 139px) 100vw, 139px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2424\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Imatge extreta del llibre &#8220;La vida a les aig\u00fces dolces&#8221; Ed Teide<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>S\u00f3n els \u00fanics insectes que muden despr\u00e9s d\u2019haver assolit la fase adulta. Quan es disposen a transformar-se en adults, emergeixen un pam fora de l\u2019aigua i un cop a l\u2019aire fan les darreres transformacions. La pell que desprenen cada vegada rep el nom d\u2019ex\u00favia.<br \/>\n<strong>\u00a0DIMORFISME SEXUAL<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les potes anteriors dels mascles s\u00f3n relativament llargues i les usen per a subjectar al femella durant l&#8217;aparellament.<\/p>\n<p>Els mascles posseeixen un parell de\u00a0penis\u00a0per a la\u00a0c\u00f2pula.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0L\u2019APARELLAMENT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/627859.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2432\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/627859.jpg\" alt=\"627859\" width=\"329\" height=\"193\" \/><\/a>Els adults viuen exclusivament per reproduir-se. Apareixen en grans grups a la superf\u00edcie de l\u2019aigua. Els mascles ballen volant amunt i avall formant n\u00favols. Quan entra una femella l\u2019aparellament succeeix durant el vol descendent i acaba abans de tocar l\u2019aigua. El mascle mor poc despr\u00e9s i la femella un cop ha fet la posta d\u2019ous<\/p>\n<p><strong>LA POSTA:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Segons l\u2019h\u00e0bitat la posta d\u2019ous \u00e9s diferent i poden ser dins l\u2019aigua o en la vegetaci\u00f3 propera. El nombre d\u2019ous dipositats \u00e9s de cent a alguns milers..<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0CURIOSITATS:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u00f3n petits i el seu nom fa refer\u00e8ncia al poc temps\u00a0que dura la seva etapa adulta.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/efimera.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-3289\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2015\/01\/efimera.jpg\" alt=\"efimera\" width=\"240\" height=\"154\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<strong>\u00a0 Per saber-ne m\u00e9s podeu consultar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nachtigall, Werner: \u201cAnimales de Charcas i estanques\u201d Guia de la Naturaleza Ed. Everest<\/li>\n<li>Pujade, Juli; Sario Victor: \u201cGuia dels insectes dels pa\u00efsos catalans \/1\u201d Con\u00e8ixer la natura Ed: Kapel SA<\/li>\n<li>Eckart Pott: \u201cPeque\u00f1a guia de la flora i fauna de los r\u00edos y lagos de Europa\u201d Ed Omega<\/li>\n<li>Hist\u00f2ria Natrual dels Pa\u00efsos Catalans volum 10 Artr\u00f2podes II Ed. Enciclop\u00e8dia Catalana.<\/li>\n<li>Ammann, Konrad: \u201cLa vida a les aig\u00fces dolces\u201d. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 Bivac. Ed. Teide<\/li>\n<li>Garc\u00eda-Valdecasas, Antonio; Vatic\u00f3n, Nacho : \u201c Los invertebrados de agua dulce\u201d Ed Penthalon<\/li>\n<li>Puig, Ma \u00c0ngels: \u201cEls macroinvertebrats dels rius catalans\u201d Departament de Medi Ambient Generalitat de Catalunya<\/li>\n<li>Macan, T.T. : \u201cGuia de animales invertebrtados de agua dulce\u201d Ed Eunsa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Efemer%C3%B2pter\">http:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Efemer%C3%B2pter<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.xtec.cat\/~malos\/projecte\/classificacio\/hexapodes\/insectes6.htm\">http:\/\/www.xtec.cat\/~malos\/projecte\/classificacio\/hexapodes\/insectes6.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les ef\u00edmeres s\u00f3n uns insectes voladors i les seves larves o nimfes s\u00f3n aqu\u00e0tiques. Per con\u00e8ixer millor aquests artr\u00f2podes cal saber diferents aspectes tant de la nimfa aqu\u00e0tica com de l\u2019insecte aeri ja adult. FORMA DEL COS: -La nimfa t\u00e9 el cos format per cap, t\u00f2rax i un abdomen cil\u00edndric i allargat acabat en tres [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8833,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[374],"tags":[323,324,325],"class_list":["post-2419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-animals-de-la-riera","tag-efimera","tag-macroinvertebrat","tag-riera"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2419"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8835,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2419\/revisions\/8835"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}