{"id":2329,"date":"2014-11-27T13:30:15","date_gmt":"2014-11-27T12:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/?p=2329"},"modified":"2017-07-05T13:24:26","modified_gmt":"2017-07-05T11:24:26","slug":"espiadimonis-o-cavallets-del-diable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/articles-animals-de-la-riera\/espiadimonis-o-cavallets-del-diable\/","title":{"rendered":"ESPIADIMONIS O CAVALLETS DEL DIABLE"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><strong>ELS ESPIADIMONIS o CAVALLETS DEL DIABLE<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">S\u00f3n uns insectes voladors de cos llarg i prim que volen prop de l\u2019aigua i les seves larves o nimfes s\u00f3n aqu\u00e0tiques. Sovint s\u00f3n anomenats falses lib\u00e8l\u00b7lules.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 317px;\" width=\"568\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_2330\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2330\" style=\"width: 143px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2330 \" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/4-205x300.jpg\" alt=\"4\" width=\"143\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/4-205x300.jpg 205w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/4.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 143px) 100vw, 143px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2330\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nimfa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_2331\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2331\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/108d7011dsc0004-e1478511305757.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2331 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/blocs.xtec.cat\/cdacansantoi\/files\/2014\/11\/108d7011dsc0004-300x223.jpg\" alt=\"108d7011dsc0004\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2331\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adult<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Per con\u00e8ixer millor aquests artr\u00f2podes cal saber diferents aspectes tant de la nimfa aqu\u00e0tica com de l\u2019insecte aeri ja adult.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>FORMA DEL COS<\/strong>:<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-La <strong>nimfa<\/strong> de color fosc t\u00e9 el cos format per cap, t\u00f2rax i un abdomen cil\u00edndric i allargat acabat en tres cues. El cap t\u00e9 dues antenes i dos grans ulls. Del t\u00f2rax surten sis potes articulades acabades en dues petites ungles i 4 ales redu\u00efdes no funcionals. Pot arribar a fer d\u2019entre 5 a 6 cent\u00edmetres. En algunes esp\u00e8cies s\u2019observen per tot el cos bandes de zones m\u00e9s fosques i altres m\u00e9s clares.<br \/>\n-L\u2019<strong>adult<\/strong> de colors met\u00e0l\u00b7lics t\u00e9 el cos tamb\u00e9 format per cap, t\u00f2rax i abdomen i fa entre 6 i 12 cm. Al cap t\u00e9 2 antenes curtes, 3 ulls simples i 2 ulls compostos que sobresurten cap els costats. El t\u00f2rax \u00e9s petit i robust i presenten sis potes llargues i dos parells d\u2019ales arrodonides i fosques. L\u2019abdomen \u00e9s llarg i est\u00e0 constitu\u00eft per 11 segments.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>DESPLA\u00c7AMENT:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-Les <strong>larves<\/strong> com s\u00f3n aqu\u00e0tiques neden serpentejant amb l\u2019ajuda de les ungles.<br \/>\n-Els <strong>adults<\/strong> s\u00f3n aeris i s\u2019ajuden de les seves ales per fer vols silenciosos i lents.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>LA RESPIRACI\u00d3<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-Les <strong>larves<\/strong> respiren per br\u00e0nquies terminals mitjan\u00e7ant tres projeccions llargues en forma de cua.<br \/>\n-Els <strong>adults<\/strong> tenen respiraci\u00f3 traqueal.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>LA NUTRICI\u00d3:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2334\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2334\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2334 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/6.jpg\" alt=\"6\" width=\"300\" height=\"133\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2334\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Imatge extreta de: La Vida a les aig\u00fces dolces, de l&#8217;editorial Teide<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-Les <strong>larves<\/strong> s\u00f3n carn\u00edvores. Es camuflen i generalment i es mantenen est\u00e0tiques sobre d\u2019algun substrat. T\u00e9 el llavi inferior transformat en un aparell bucal anomenat m\u00e0scara que projecta cap endavant en un moviment r\u00e0pid i brusc per capturar les preses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019<strong>adult<\/strong> t\u00e9 peces bucals de tipus mastegador, tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s un depredador i ca\u00e7a mosques i mosquits mentre vola.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong>EL COMPORTAMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-La <strong>nimfa<\/strong> viu durant un any o m\u00e9s en el fons de l\u2019aigua i surt d\u2019ella tot grimpant per les plantes quan les condicions s\u00f3n favorables i completa la metamorfosi.<br \/>\n-L\u2019<strong>adult<\/strong> viu poques setmanes entre maig i setembre. Reposa sobre plantes de la vorera i fa vols curts, lents i silenciosos. A l\u2019hivern mor i deixa les postes que hivernen.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong>L&#8217;HABITAT<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-Les <strong>nimfes<\/strong> viuen en rierols d\u2019aig\u00fces clares, lentes i ben oxigenades. S\u00f3n indicadors de bona qualitat de l&#8217;aigua; en l&#8217;\u00edndex BMWPC el seu valor \u00e9s 8.<br \/>\n-L\u2019<strong>adult<\/strong> viu a prop de l&#8217;aigua, recolzat a les plantes de les voreres i sobrevolant la zona.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>LA METAMORFOSI<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Realitzen una metamorfosi incompleta<a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2336\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/7.jpg\" alt=\"7\" width=\"300\" height=\"145\" \/><\/a>.<br \/>\nSofreixen entre 10-15 mudes abans de ser adults. La pell que desprenen cada vegada rep el nom d\u2019ex\u00favia.<br \/>\nUn cop trencada la membrana larv\u00e0ria, l\u2019insecte empeny per sortir i s\u2019incorpora per eixugar les ales. En aquest enlla\u00e7 es pot veure un v\u00eddeo sobre\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccma.cat\/tv3\/alacarta\/programa\/La-metamorfosis-de-lespiadimonis\/video\/5281851\/\" target=\"_blank\"> la metamorfosi.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong>DIMORFISME SEXUAL EN L&#8217;ADULT:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El t\u00f2rax de la femella pot ser de color turquesa a violeta.<br \/>\nL\u2019orifici genital en el mascle es troba en el nov\u00e8 segment i en la femella entre el vuit\u00e8 i nov\u00e8.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong>L\u2019APARELLAMENT<a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/espiadimonims_parella.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-3291\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/espiadimonims_parella.jpg\" alt=\"espiadimonims_parella\" width=\"240\" height=\"164\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Realitzen dos tipus de vol: la parada nupcial que fa nom\u00e9s el mascle i el vol nupcial que el fan junts.<br \/>\nEl mascle subjecta a la femella per la regi\u00f3 del coll mitjan\u00e7ant uns ap\u00e8ndixs abdominals semblants a tenalles.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>LA POSTA:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Els ous s\u00f3n introdu\u00efts en les tiges de les plantes o dins l\u2019aigua. S\u00f3n esf\u00e8rics amb un revestiment gelatin\u00f3s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>PER DIFERENCIAR-LOS DE LES LIB\u00c8L\u00b7LULES CAL SABER QUE ELS ESPIADIMONIS TENEN:<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2343\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2343\" style=\"width: 153px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2343\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/991.jpg\" alt=\"99\" width=\"153\" height=\"97\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2343\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nimfa d&#8217;espiadimonis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2341\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2341\" style=\"width: 116px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/88.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2341\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/88.jpg\" alt=\"88\" width=\"116\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2341\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nimfa de lib\u00e8l\u00b7lula<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; El cos m\u00e9s petit i esvelt tant en adults com en les nimfes.<br \/>\n-Els dos parells d\u2019ales s\u00f3n de la mateixa mida.<br \/>\n-Les ales en rep\u00f2s es mantenen verticals o obliq\u00fces cap enrere.<br \/>\n-Als adults, els ulls es troben separats.<br \/>\n-Fan\u00a0despla\u00e7aments llargs amb l\u2019ajut del vent i tenen un vol lent i silenci\u00f3s.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2345\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2345\" style=\"width: 172px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/espia01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2345\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/espia01-300x216.jpg\" alt=\"espia01\" width=\"172\" height=\"127\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2345\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adult d&#8217;espiadimonis.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2346\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2346\" style=\"width: 166px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2346\" src=\"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/9.jpg\" alt=\"9\" width=\"166\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/9.jpg 300w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu1385\/2014\/11\/9-200x150.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 166px) 100vw, 166px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2346\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adult de lib\u00e8l\u00b7lula.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0CURIOSITATS:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-Se\u2019n coneixen f\u00f2ssils des del paleozoic, \u00e8poca en la que arribaven a tenir 70 cm.<br \/>\n-S\u00f3n els insectes amb els ulls m\u00e9s grossos.<br \/>\n-Se\u2019ls anomena de diferents noms depenen de l\u2019indret: Caballet del diable\/dimoni,\u00a0cavallets de s\u00e9quia,\u00a0cavalls de serp, cavall d\u2019aigua, cavall de bruixa,\u00a0cavall(et)s de Sant Mart\u00ed,\u00a0cavall de Sant Jaume, estiracabells,\u00a0rodadits,\u00a0senyores,senyoretes,\u00a0damisel\u00b7les\u00a0i\u00a0dimosel\u00b7les,\u00a0parots,\u00a0parotets,\u00a0pixavins,\u00a0relicari, tallanassos, barretgina, cabot, &#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0 Per saber-ne m\u00e9s podeu consultar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Nachtigall, Werner: \u201cAnimales de Charcas i estanques\u201d Guia de la Naturaleza Ed. Everest<\/li>\n<li>Pujade, Juli; Sario Victor: \u201cGuia dels insectes dels pa\u00efsos catalans \/1\u201d Con\u00e8ixer la natura Ed: Kapel SA<\/li>\n<li>Hist\u00f2ria Natrual dels Pa\u00efsos Catalans volum 10 Artr\u00f2podes II Ed. Enciclop\u00e8dia Catalana.<\/li>\n<li>Ammann, Konrad: &#8220;La vida a les aig\u00fces dolces&#8221;. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 Bivac. Ed. Teide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/animales-salvajes.buscamix.com\/web\/content\/view\/358\/433\/\" target=\"_blank\"> http:\/\/animales-salvajes.buscamix.com\/web\/content\/view\/358\/433\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.regio7.cat\/estaticos\/fauna\/odonats.pdf\">http:\/\/www.regio7.cat\/estaticos\/fauna\/odonats.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ELS ESPIADIMONIS o CAVALLETS DEL DIABLE S\u00f3n uns insectes voladors de cos llarg i prim que volen prop de l\u2019aigua i les seves larves o nimfes s\u00f3n aqu\u00e0tiques. Sovint s\u00f3n anomenats falses lib\u00e8l\u00b7lules. Per con\u00e8ixer millor aquests artr\u00f2podes cal saber diferents aspectes tant de la nimfa aqu\u00e0tica com de l\u2019insecte aeri ja adult. FORMA DEL [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8836,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[374],"tags":[319,320,321,322],"class_list":["post-2329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-animals-de-la-riera","tag-espiadimonis","tag-libellula","tag-metamorfosi","tag-nimfa"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2329"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8837,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2329\/revisions\/8837"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}