{"id":22377,"date":"2025-02-27T16:44:37","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T15:44:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/?p=22377"},"modified":"2025-03-04T09:41:24","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T08:41:24","slug":"les-salamandres-i-lamenaca-del-quitridi-un-fong-perillos-per-als-amfibis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/general\/les-salamandres-i-lamenaca-del-quitridi-un-fong-perillos-per-als-amfibis\/","title":{"rendered":"Les salamandres i l\u2019amena\u00e7a del quitridi: un fong perill\u00f3s per als amfibis"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Les salamandres, amb la seva pell brillant i els seus moviments sigil\u00b7losos, han estat durant segles un s\u00edmbol de misteri i adaptabilitat en els ecosistemes humits d\u2019Europa. Aquests amfibis juguen un paper fonamental en els boscos caducifolis i ombr\u00edvols, ajudant a controlar poblacions d\u2019insectes i altres invertebrats. Tanmateix, en els darrers anys, una greu amena\u00e7a ha posat en perill la superviv\u00e8ncia de moltes esp\u00e8cies: el fong quitridi<\/strong> (Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans<\/em> o Bsal<\/em>).<\/p>\n

El fong Bsal<\/em> \u00e9s un patogen emergent<\/strong> que afecta greument les poblacions de salamandres. Originari d\u2019\u00c0sia, es creu que ha arribat a Europa a trav\u00e9s del comer\u00e7 d\u2019amfibis per a mascotes. Aquest fong ataca la pell de les salamandres, causant lesions necr\u00f2tiques que poden derivar en la mort de l\u2019animal en pocs dies. La pell dels amfibis \u00e9s essencial per a la seva respiraci\u00f3 i equilibri h\u00eddric, de manera que una infecci\u00f3 severa pot\u00a0deteriorar greument la pell, provocant deshidrataci\u00f3, insufici\u00e8ncia respirat\u00f2ria i, finalment, la mort de l\u2019animal.<\/p>\n

\"\"Des que es va detectar per primera vegada a Europa, Bsal<\/em> ha provocat un descens dr\u00e0stic en les poblacions de salamandres a pa\u00efsos com els Pa\u00efsos Baixos, B\u00e8lgica i Alemanya. Una de les esp\u00e8cies m\u00e9s afectades \u00e9s la salamandra comuna<\/strong> (Salamandra salamandra<\/em>), que ha experimentat taxes de mortalitat molt altes en les zones infectades. Els cient\u00edfics alerten que si el fong continua propagant-se sense control, podria tenir un impacte devastador en la biodiversitat dels amfibis europeus, incloent-hi les esp\u00e8cies d’urodels presents a la pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica com el trit\u00f3 palmat (<\/span>Lissotriton helveticus<\/em>), el trit\u00f3 verd (Triturus marmoratus<\/em>), el trit\u00f3 pirinenc (Calotriton asper<\/em>) o el trit\u00f3 del Montseny (Calotriton arnoldi<\/em>), end\u00e8mic del Mass\u00eds del Montseny<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

A Catalunya<\/strong>, el fong va apar\u00e8ixer el 2018 en un punt d\u2019aigua del Parc del Montnegre i el Corredor, on va causar gran mortalitat de trit\u00f3 verd. \u00a0La detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 d’aquest brot, la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 del m\u00f3n cient\u00edfic i la gesti\u00f3 de l\u2019h\u00e0bitat, van facilitar una r\u00e0pida intervenci\u00f3 per contenir aquesta malaltia f\u00fangica que no ha estat erradicada. Un dels motius princiupals \u00e9s que Bsal produeix espores encistades que poden romandre molt de temps en el medi natural sense humitat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed doncs, actualment no existeix un tractament efica\u00e7<\/strong> per eliminar el fong en medis naturals. No obstant aix\u00f2, s\u2019han proposat diverses estrat\u00e8gies per contenir-ne la propagaci\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Control del comer\u00e7 d\u2019amfibis<\/span>: Regular el comer\u00e7 internacional d\u2019amfibis i establir controls sanitaris estrictes per evitar la introducci\u00f3 de pat\u00f2gens a nous h\u00e0bitats.<\/li>\n
  2. Monitoratge i investigaci\u00f3<\/span>: Realitzar estudis continus per detectar la pres\u00e8ncia del fong i comprendre millor els seus mecanismes d\u2019infecci\u00f3 i dispersi\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  3. Mesures de bioseguretat<\/span>: Implementar protocols de desinfecci\u00f3 per a excursionistes, cient\u00edfics i altres persones que entren en contacte amb h\u00e0bitats d\u2019amfibis per evitar la transmissi\u00f3 accidental del patogen.<\/li>\n
  4. Conservaci\u00f3 i cria en captivitat<\/span>:<\/em> Mantenir poblacions sanes en centres de conservaci\u00f3 per poder reintroduir-les en h\u00e0bitats naturals afectats si es troba una soluci\u00f3 efectiva contra el fong.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\"L\u2019expansi\u00f3 del Bsal<\/em> representa un desafiament per a la conservaci\u00f3 de les salamandres a Europa. Tot i les\u00a0restriccions de la Comissi\u00f3 Europea al comer\u00e7 d\u2019amfibis, la legislaci\u00f3 encara no regula les col\u00b7leccions privades ni els seus intercanvis, fet que pot facilitar la propagaci\u00f3 de pat\u00f2gens. Els amfibis ex\u00f2tics poden ser portadors asimptom\u00e0tics<\/strong> de malalties que afecten greument les esp\u00e8cies aut\u00f2ctones, com \u00e9s el cas del fong Bsal<\/em>. Per evitar-ne la desaparici\u00f3, ser\u00e0 essencial la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 entre cient\u00edfics, governs i ciutadans, aix\u00ed com la sensibilitzaci\u00f3 i la protecci\u00f3 dels h\u00e0bitats naturals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Les salamandres, amb la seva pell brillant i els seus moviments sigil\u00b7losos, han estat durant segles un s\u00edmbol de misteri i adaptabilitat en els ecosistemes humits d\u2019Europa. Aquests amfibis juguen un paper fonamental en els boscos caducifolis i ombr\u00edvols, ajudant a controlar poblacions d\u2019insectes i altres invertebrats. Tanmateix, en els darrers anys, una greu amena\u00e7a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":22394,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[406,1,347,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fauna-local","category-general","category-natura","category-portada"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22377"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22409,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22377\/revisions\/22409"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/cda-cansantoi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}