{"id":19145,"date":"2020-05-28T14:11:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T12:11:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/?p=19145"},"modified":"2020-05-28T14:12:25","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T12:12:25","slug":"el-paper-dels-infants-en-la-transmissio-del-nou-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/se-baixllobregat6\/el-paper-dels-infants-en-la-transmissio-del-nou-coronavirus\/","title":{"rendered":"El paper dels infants en la transmissi\u00f3 del nou Coronavirus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-19146\" src=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.51.56-1024x514.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.51.56-1024x514.png 1024w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.51.56-520x261.png 520w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.51.56-768x385.png 768w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.51.56.png 1630w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>El <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/salutweb.gencat.cat\/ca\/inici\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Departament de Salut<\/a><\/strong> ha em\u00e8s un informe en relaci\u00f3 amb <b>els infants i la transmissi\u00f3 del coronavirus<\/b> per tal que les direccions dels centres el facin arribar en c\u00f2pia, per indicaci\u00f3 de la Secret\u00e0ria General del Departament d&#8217;Educaci\u00f3, a tot l&#8217;equip docent del centres p\u00fablics, independentment dels ensenyaments que s&#8217;hi imparteixin. Tamb\u00e9 s&#8217;ha fet arribar a les direccions dels centres concertats, llars d&#8217;infants del Departament, EOI, CFA, CEE del DE i de titularitat municipal i regidores i regidors. A continuaci\u00f3 podeu consultar l&#8217;esmentat informe:<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>La COVID-19 \u00e9s una malaltia nova de la qual n\u2019anem coneixent m\u00e9s dades a mesura que els cient\u00edfics dels pa\u00efsos afectats van publicant nous estudis. Com succeeix sovint, les dades que ens arriben solen estar m\u00e9s centrades en la poblaci\u00f3 general i en els adults que no en els infants. Malgrat aix\u00f2, les dades globals ens indiquen que els infants representen un percentatge molt baix de les persones infectades per COVID-19, al<br \/>\nvoltant d\u2019un 2% (Wu Z, 2020).<\/p>\n<h6>Figura 1. Casos per franges d\u2019edat a Catalunya, dades acumulades fins el 27.5.2020<\/h6>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19147 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.55.09-520x190.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.55.09-520x190.png 520w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.55.09-768x280.png 768w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.55.09-1024x374.png 1024w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.55.09.png 1698w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Una de les hip\u00f2tesis per a la baixa incid\u00e8ncia de casos en la poblaci\u00f3 infantil rau en el fet que, nens i nenes tenen un menor nombre dels receptors que utilitza el SARS- CoV2 per entrar a l\u2019organisme. Es tracta de l\u2019enzim convertidor d\u2019angiotensina 2 (ACE2) que s\u2019expressa de manera diferent en infants i adults a l\u2019epiteli nasal. La figura 1 mostra el nombre m\u00e9s baix de receptors, especialment en infants menor de 10 anys.<\/p>\n<h6>Figura 2. Expressi\u00f3 de l\u2019ACE2 en diferents franges d\u2019edat<\/h6>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19148 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.56.11-520x359.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.56.11-520x359.png 520w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.56.11-768x530.png 768w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.56.11.png 934w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>No hi ha dubte que els infants s\u2019infecten pel nou coronavirus i que poden presentar la malaltia. No obstant, s\u2019ha pogut observar que sovint desenvolupen <strong>quadres lleus<\/strong> i, en molts casos, <strong>asimptom\u00e0tic<\/strong>s de la COVID-19. Alguns estudis han revelat que la c\u00e0rrega viral (quantitat de virus en sang) dels infants \u00e9s significativament menor a la de les persones adultes (Ludvigsson J, 2020). Aquest fet \u00e9s com\u00fa en els infants que tenen malalties cr\u00f2niques de base, en els quals tamb\u00e9 s\u2019han presenciat formes cl\u00edniques de m\u00e9s bon pron\u00f2stic en relaci\u00f3 amb les altres franges d\u2019edat. La c\u00e0rrega viral podria explicar<br \/>\nparcialment que nens i nenes desenvolupin aquestes formes m\u00e9s lleus de la COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p>El tipus de simptomatologia que presenten els infants tamb\u00e9 difereix de la que manifesten adults. El fet que presentin s\u00edmptomes respiratoris m\u00e9s lleus es postula com una de les explicacions plausibles al fet que aquest col\u00b7lectiu pugui ser menys transmissor. Tal com mostra la figura 2, alguns estudis han mostrat que l\u2019infant no sol ser la porta d\u2019entrada del virus, entre les persones convivents d\u2019una fam\u00edlia (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Netherlands, 2020).<\/p>\n<h6>Figura 3. Percentatge de contactes positius a partir d\u2019un cas, per franges d\u2019edat<\/h6>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19149 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.59.50-520x292.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.59.50-520x292.png 520w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.59.50-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.59.50-1024x575.png 1024w, https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/baixllobregat6\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu778\/2020\/05\/Captura-de-Pantalla-2020-05-28-a-les-13.59.50.png 1406w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Aix\u00ed doncs, diferents fonts apunten al fet que les persones de menys de 20 anys podrien jugar un paper menys important en la transmissi\u00f3 del virus. i, el que \u00e9s m\u00e9s important,afirmen que la reobertura d\u2019escoles no tindria impacte en la mortalitat global de la COVID-19 (Ludvigsson J, 2020).<br \/>\nEn l\u2019\u00e0mbit de educatiu, la pand\u00e8mia ha contribu\u00eft a refor\u00e7ar missatges clau en la prevenci\u00f3 i la protecci\u00f3 de la salut d\u2019alumnat i professorat:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les persones amb s\u00edmptomes no han d\u2019anar als centres educatius.<\/li>\n<li>Tenir el calendari vacunal al dia \u00e9s altament recomanable per a tots els escolars.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En aquest mateix sentit, els grups redu\u00efts i estables d\u2019alumnes i les mesures d\u2019higiene i distanciament \u2013incloent l\u2019\u00fas de mascareta\u2013 han de propiciar un entorn segur als centres educatius.<\/p>\n<h6>Refer\u00e8ncies:<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Ag\u00e8ncia de Qualitat i Avaluacions Sanit\u00e0ries de Catalunya. Dades actualitzades de SAR-CoV2. 27 de maig de 2020. Disponible a: http:\/\/aquas.gencat.cat\/ca\/actualitat\/ultimes-dades-coronavirus<\/li>\n<li>Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of<br \/>\n72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239-1242.<\/li>\n<li>Ludvigsson J, Children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the COVID-19 pandemic \u2013 a systematic review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.15371<\/li>\n<li>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Netherlands, 20 de maig de 2020. Disponible a: https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/en\/novel-coronavirus-covid-19\/children-and-covid-<br \/>\n19?fbclid=IwAR3QycNPiZmLu1e1Hw4G4bU8qSnywo9KyUXox3QNsDBDUgffUtEW_SQRYqs<\/li>\n<li>Bunyavanich B, Do A, Vicencio A. Nasal Gene Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Children and Adults. JAMA. 20 de maig de 2020. Disponible a: https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2766524<\/li>\n<li>Departament de Salut. Pla de transici\u00f3 del confinament, desconfinament gradual i nova normalitat. Aprovat pel Comit\u00e8 de Direcci\u00f3 PROCICAT, 25 d\u2019abril de 2020<\/li>\n<li>Pla d\u2019obertura de centres educatius en fase 2 de desescalada en la finalitzaci\u00f3 del curs 2019-2020 i per a l\u2019organitzaci\u00f3 i funcionament dels centres i els estudis del curs 2020-2021. Aprovat pel Comit\u00e8 de Direcci\u00f3 PROCICAT, 20 de maig de 2020<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El Departament de Salut ha em\u00e8s un informe en relaci\u00f3 amb els infants i la transmissi\u00f3 del coronavirus per tal que les direccions dels centres el facin arribar en c\u00f2pia, per indicaci\u00f3 de la Secret\u00e0ria General del Departament d&#8217;Educaci\u00f3, a tot l&#8217;equip docent del centres p\u00fablics, independentment dels ensenyaments que s&#8217;hi imparteixin. Tamb\u00e9 s&#8217;ha fet [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19146,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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