{"id":14569,"date":"2021-11-03T09:37:25","date_gmt":"2021-11-03T08:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/altemporda\/?page_id=14569"},"modified":"2021-11-03T09:44:59","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T08:44:59","slug":"4-com-comencar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/serveiseducatius.xtec.cat\/altemporda\/concurs-oratoria-alt-emporda\/lart-de-parlar\/4-com-comencar\/","title":{"rendered":"4. Com comen\u00e7ar?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 17.0666656494141px;\">[<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 17.0666656494141px;\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/xtec.cat\/concurs-d-oratoria-juvenil-de-l-alt-emporda\/l-art-de-parlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Torna a l&#8217;\u00edndex<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 17.0666656494141px;\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 17.0666656494141px;\">\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; color: white;\"><span style=\"background-color: #990000;\">Fitxa 4: Com comen\u00e7ar <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 17.0666656494141px;\">\n<p style=\"background: #c0504d;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; color: white;\">Descriptor<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 97.7427%; height: 118px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 184.8pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 118px;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"652\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Qui b\u00e9 comen\u00e7a, b\u00e9 acaba<\/b><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Un cop ben planificat el discurs a partir de l\u2019an\u00e0lisi dels diferents aspectes que en determinaran la forma i el contingut (responent a quatre preguntes b\u00e0siques: per qu\u00e8, qui, qu\u00e8 i com) arriba un dels moments delicats del proc\u00e9s: l\u2019inici del discurs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">La primera impressi\u00f3 que causa l\u2019orador en el p\u00fablic sovint determina la percepci\u00f3 que aquest tindr\u00e0 del discurs. Els experts diuen que els primers 30 segons s\u00f3n claus. Per tant, cal posar molta cura a la preparaci\u00f3 de l\u2019inici de la intervenci\u00f3. Comen\u00e7ar amb bon peu dep\u00e8n de si som capa\u00e7os de:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">trencar el gel establint una bona relaci\u00f3 inicial amb l\u2019auditori (va b\u00e9 saber qu\u00e8 podem tenir en com\u00fa amb l\u2019interlocutor i adaptar-nos-hi).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">informar a l\u2019auditori del tema de la xerrada i dels punts principals que s\u2019hi tractaran (resumir els missatges principals).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">De fet, en els manuals romans ja es recomanava comen\u00e7ar el discurs amb l\u2019anomenada \u201c<i>captatio benevolentiae<\/i>\u201d. En resum: tractant b\u00e9 el p\u00fablic i identificant-s\u2019hi per crear empatia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Abans ja deia Arist\u00f2til que \u201cla funci\u00f3 m\u00e9s necess\u00e0ria i caracter\u00edstica de la introducci\u00f3 \u00e9s exposar a quina finalitat s\u2019adre\u00e7a el discurs\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; background: #c0504d;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; color: white;\">Idees clau<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 97.8224%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 186.8pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 186.8pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"652\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Per comen\u00e7ar b\u00e9 un discurs cal:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Captar l&#8217;atenci\u00f3 del p\u00fablic (en uns 20 segons).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Identificar el tema del discurs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Mostrar per qu\u00e8 \u00e9s important per al nostre p\u00fablic all\u00f2 que explicarem.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;\">I no oblidar que la impressi\u00f3 que causem en els primers 30 segons \u00e9s clau!<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Cal tenir en compte aquests aspectes a fi de comen\u00e7ar amb bon peu:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Hem de tenir preparat i memoritzat l\u2019inici del discurs (aix\u00f2 ens donar\u00e0 seguretat).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Beurem una mica d\u2019aigua, mirarem el p\u00fablic ens escurarem la gola i comen\u00e7arem sempre amb un somriure. No cal c\u00f3rrer. Aquests recursos ajuden a calmar els nervis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Comen\u00e7arem saludant amb naturalitat i presentant-nos (si cal).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Els primers 20-30 segons del discurs han de ser amables, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 clars i contundents<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Un cop trencat el gel, podem utilitzar una cita c\u00e8lebre, un acudit o gag (si el context ho permet) o una frase que busqui la implicaci\u00f3 del p\u00fablic \u00a0per arrencar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Errors a evitar d\u2019entrada:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">No ens justificarem o demanarem perd\u00f3 pel nostre discurs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">No parlarem nom\u00e9s de nosaltres. A l\u2019interlocutor tamb\u00e9 li agrada sentir-se apel\u00b7lat en el nostre discurs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">No parlarem en termes negatius. Cal elogiar quan sigui possible i no criticar sense necessitat. Plantejarem el discurs en positiu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 65.21pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; background: #c0504d;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; color: white;\">Pr\u00e0ctica<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13.6px; background-color: transparent; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: 17.0667px;\">\u00c9s interessant veure qu\u00e8 es destaca d&#8217;aquests 5 inicis de discurs (extrets de TED talks) en aquesta web en angl\u00e8s (c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13.6px; background-color: transparent; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: 17.0667px;\">liqueu damunt la imatge).<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"display: block; text-align: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gingerpublicspeaking.com\/best-speech-opening-line\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/a\/xtec.cat\/uc?id=0B0zHBF5nyE_QOFc4cm1ZOGV4Y1E&amp;export=download\" alt=\"http:\/\/www.gingerpublicspeaking.com\/best-speech-opening-line\" width=\"320\" height=\"200\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; padding: 0cm;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<a style=\"font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333330154419px; line-height: 17.0666656494141px; text-align: center;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gingerpublicspeaking.com\/best-speech-opening-line\">http:\/\/www.gingerpublicspeaking.com\/best-speech-opening-line<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; padding: 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">\u00a0(NO FUNCIONA L&#8217;ENLLA\u00c7)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; padding: 0cm;\"><u style=\"font-size: 13.6px; background-color: transparent;\"><b><span style=\"color: #660000;\"><span lang=\"CA\" style=\"font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">Activitat 1<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/u><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 13.6000003814697px; line-height: 17.0666656494141px; padding: 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;\">A partir de les dades recollides i de la reflexi\u00f3 posterior, podeu imaginar quins aspectes del discurs de l&#8217;Humbert Clotet haurien canviat si hagu\u00e9s parlat davant d&#8217;altres auditoris amb diferents caracter\u00edstiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"background: #c0504d;\">\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Torna a l&#8217;\u00edndex] Fitxa 4: Com comen\u00e7ar Descriptor Qui b\u00e9 comen\u00e7a, b\u00e9 acaba &nbsp; Un cop ben planificat el discurs a partir de l\u2019an\u00e0lisi dels diferents aspectes que en determinaran la forma i el contingut (responent a quatre preguntes b\u00e0siques: per qu\u00e8, qui, qu\u00e8 i com) arriba un dels moments delicats del proc\u00e9s: l\u2019inici del [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":0,"parent":14322,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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